The installation of Onboard Carbon Capture systems on ships and Storage (OOCS) for the capture and storage of CO2 produced is discouraged, among other things, by the limited number of ports that have the necessary infrastructure to unload liquefied carbon dioxide stored on ships. The highlights the 'Concept study to discharge CO2 captured on board" which was commissioned by the Global Centre for Maritime Decarbonisation (GCMD), the centre established in the 2021 by the Port Authority of Singapore together with BHP, BW, DNV Foundation, Eastern Pacific Shipping, Ocean Network Express and Sembcorp Marine. The study was carried out in cooperation with the certification company and Lloyd's Register and with the British consultancy ARUP.

The study specifies that if the technologies needed to CO2 capture on board ships have reached high levels of maturity, but it has not been demonstrated that the Safety of carbon dioxide transfer operations specially trained staff and that, if a small number of number of ports is equipped with the necessary infrastructure to liquefied CO2, but these are designed to handle food-grade CO2.

The study looked at more than ten projects global infrastructure for the discharge of liquefied CO2 that are located mainly near industrial clusters that emit carbon dioxide or are connected to these clusters by transport infrastructure. Noting that these are projects designed to handle much larger volumes of CO2 than those OOCS systems and that, in order to achieve economies of scale, it will be port infrastructure needs to be integrated with these projects necessary for the discharge, storage and transport of CO2, The study points out that, as these projects are still in the and investments have not yet been decided, As a result, the ports, in turn, have not planned investments to equip themselves with the necessary infrastructure.

The study also highlights the difficulty of introduce carbon dioxide discharge systems liquefied in intensively used port areas, It would probably have an impact on the efficiency of the port even in consideration of the buffer areas needed to cope with the Safety issues related to handling and storage of liquefied CO2, areas that are difficult to identify due to the constraints of existing space in ports and port terminals.