Lo scorso anno il volume mondiale di merci trasportate via mare è ammontato a 7,4 miliardi di tonnellate (+4,3%)

Oggi l'Unctad (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) ha presentato il rapporto “Review of Maritime Transport 2007” che illustra l'andamento del settore marittimo-portuale mondiale nel 2006.

Lo scorso anno il volume di merci trasportate via mare è ammontato a 7,4 miliardi di tonnellate, con una crescita del 4,3% rispetto al 2005. L'aumento dei traffici è stato accompagnato da un forte incremento della consistenza della flotta mercantile mondiale, che all'inizio del 2007 è risultata superiore dell'8% rispetto al 2005 attestandosi a 1,04 miliardi di tonnellate di portata lorda, superando per la prima volta la soglia di un miliardo di tpl.

Secondo gli ultimi dati disponibili, risalenti al 2005, i costi del trasporto delle merci hanno rappresentato il 5,9% del valore delle importazioni mondiali, con una progressione del 5,1% sul 2004.

Lo scorso anno i porti mondiali hanno registrato un traffico dei container pari a 440 milioni di teu (+13,4% sul 2005).

Development of international seaborne trade, selected years
(Millions of tons)
Development of international seaborne trade, selected years
(Millions of tons)

Year	Tanker cargo	Dry cargo	Main bulks^a	Total (all cargoes)
1970	1442	1124	448	2566
1980	1871	1833	796	3704
1990	1755	2253	968	4008
2000	2163	3821	1288	5983
2006^b	2674	4742	1828	7416

Source:	Estimated by UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of annex II and data supplied by specialized sources.
^a	Iron ore, grain, coal, bauxite/alumina and phosphate.
^b	Estimates.



World seaborne trade in 2006, by type of cargo and country group

Country group	Goods loaded				Goods unloaded
Country group	Total	Crude	Products	Dry cargo	Total	Crude	Products	Dry cargo
	Millions of tons
World	7415.5	1990.8	683.0	4741.7	7460.4	1940.9	683.5	4836.0
Developed countries	2683.1	100.0	187.3	2395.8	4323.0	1207.4	349.6	2766.0
Economies in transition	202.6	108.4	43.3	50.9	50.2	4.3	2.8	43.1
Developing countries	4529.6	1782.4	452.4	2294.8	3087.2	729.2	331.1	2026.9
Africa	791.7	477.4	53.1	261.2	305.9	54.5	33.5	217.9
America	1052.5	284.0	102.1	666.4	311.6	71.3	52.4	187.9
Asia	2678.8	1016.7	297.1	1365.0	2457.4	603.4	238.7	1615.3
Oceania	6.6	4.3	0.1	2.2	12.3	-	6.5	5.8
	Percentage share
World	100.0	26.9	9.2	63.9	100.0	26.0	9.2	64.8
Developed countries	36.2	5.0	27.4	50.5	57.9	62.2	51.1	57.2
Economies in transition	2.7	5.4	6.3	1.1	0.7	0.2	0.4	0.9
Developing countries	61.1	89.5	66.2	48.4	41.4	37.6	48.4	41.9
Africa	10.7	24.6	7.8	5.5	4.1	2.8	4.9	4.5
America	14.2	14.3	14.9	14.1	4.2	3.7	7.7	3.9
Asia	36.1	51.1	43.5	28.8	32.9	31.1	34.9	33.4
Oceania	0.1	0.2	-	-	0.2	-	1.0	0.1

Source:

Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data supplied by reporting countries, the port industry and other specialized sources.



World fleet size by principal types of vessel, 2005–2007^a
(Beginning-of-year figures, in thousands of dwt)

Principal types	2005	2006	2007	Percentage change 2007/2006
Oil tankers	336156	354219	382975	8.1
	37.5	36.9	36.7	-0.2
Bulk carriers	320584	345924	367542	6.2
	35.8	36.0	35.3	-0.7
Ore/bulk/oil	9695	7817	5614	-28.2
	1.1	0.8	0.5	-0.3
Ore/bulk	310889	338107	361928	7.0
	34.7	35.2	34.7	-0.5
General cargo ships	92048	96218	100934	4.9
	10.3	10.0	9.7	-0.4
Containerships	98064	111095	128321	15.5
	10.9	11.6	12.3	0.7
Other types of ships	48991	52508	62554	19.1
	5.5	5.5	6.0	0.5
Liquefied gas carriers	22546	24226	26915	11.1
	2.5	2.5	2.6	0.1
Chemical tankers	8290	8919	8823	-1.1
	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Miscellaneous tankers	1001	1261	1168	-7.4
	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ferries and passenger ships	5589	5649	5754	1.9
	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0
Other	11565	12453	19894	59.8
	1.3	1.1	1.9	0.8
World total	895843	959964	1042328	8.6
	100.0	100.0	100.0

Source:	Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data supplied by Lloyd’s Register – Fairplay.
^a	Vessels of 100 GT and above. Percentage shares are shown in italics.



Long-term trends in the cellular containership fleet^a

World total	1987	1997	2006	2007	Percentage growth 2007/2006
Number of vessels	1052	1954	3494	3904	11.7
TEU capacity	1215215	3089682	8120465	9436377	16.2
Average vessel size	1155	1581	2324	2417	4.0

Source:	Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data supplied by Lloyd’s Register – Fairplay.
^a	Vessels of 100 GT and above. Beginning-of-year figures, except those for 1987, which are mid-year figures.



Container port traffic for 62 developing countries and territories, 2004, 2005 and 2006
(TEUs)

Country/territory	2004	2005	Preliminary figures for 2006	Percentage change 2004/2005	Percentage change 2005/2006
China	54943153	66871473	81927000	21.71	22.51
Singapore	21329100	23192200	24796000	8.74	6.92
Hong Kong (China)	21984000	22427000	23539000	2.02	4.96
Republic of Korea	14173106	14885942	15521072	5.03	4.27
Taiwan Province of China	13029492	12791429	13101870	-1.83	2.43
Malaysia	11775743	12027045	13365018	2.13	11.12
United Arab Emirates	9001636	9845927	10969305	9.38	11.41
Indonesia	5716307	5653176	5737754	-1.1	1.5
Brazil	5056793	5410427	6116889	6.99	13.06
Thailand	4847000	5115213	5701145	5.53	11.45
India	4467229	4984079	5642558	11.57	13.21
Saudi Arabia	3185699	3732706	3919027	17.17	4.99
Egypt	2959895	3690691	4632070	24.69	25.51
Philippines	3701044	3593544	3973974	-2.9	10.59
Turkey	2966972	3170357	3337403	6.85	5.27
South Africa	2704690	3111121	3553179	15.03	14.21
Panama	2428762	3067637	2949072	26.3	-3.87
Viet Nam	2466869	2905154	2605323	17.77	-10.32
Oman	2515546	2727341	2543284	8.42	-6.75
Sri Lanka	2220525	2455297	3079132	10.57	25.41
Mexico	1903581	2145269	2676749	12.7	24.77
Chile	1665925	1813173	1788879	8.84	-1.34
Puerto Rico	1667868	1727389	1729000	3.57	0.09
Jamaica	1360623	1670820	2150408	22.8	28.7
Pakistan	1405306	1564827	1760956	11.35	12.53
Argentina	1485399	1449508	1649677	-2.42	13.81
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	1369244	1325643	1528518	-3.18	15.3
Colombia	884182	1165255	1437762	31.79	23.39
Bahamas	1184800	1135131	1463000	-4.19	28.88
Venezuela	921205	1120492	1186798	21.63	5.92
Peru	703716	991474	1005000	40.89	1.36
Bangladesh	714420	808924	897139	13.23	10.91
Costa Rica	917441	778651	828781	-15.13	6.44
Guatemala	966338	776395	809348	-19.66	4.24
Côte d'Ivoire	670000	710000	-	5.97	-
Kuwait	379658	673472	750000	77.39	11.36
Ecuador	595863	632722	671087	6.19	6.06
Morocco	660713	560682	-	-15.14	-
Honduras	557998	553013	593800	-0.89	7.38
Yemen	491171	508085	590981	3.44	16.32
Lebanon	389876	464976	594601	19.26	27.88
Uruguay	424791	454531	519218	7.00	14.23
Ghana	385902	440761	471368	14.22	6.94
Kenya	438597	436671	479355	-0.44	9.77
Syrian Arab Republic	416653	422231	-	1.34	-
Trinidad and Tobago	582464	421466	307727	-27.64	-26.99
Jordan	358723	392177	430000	9.33	9.64
Dominican Republic	559906	368230	377352	-34.23	2.48
Cuba	290484	317105	-	9.16	-
Angola	288981	316396	-	9.49	-
Senegal	331191	309000	-	-6.7	-
United Republic of Tanzania	244479	305866	352548	25.11	15.26
Bahrain	193112	253950	-	31.5	-
Mauritius	290118	253772	266425	-12.53	4.99
Cambodia	213916	211141	221490	-1.3	4.9
Togo	184998	203372	-	9.93	-
Djibouti	159359	193600	-	21.49	-
Benin	97801	158201	-	61.76	-
Guam	140803	150960	147972	7.21	-1.98
Cameroon	136605	143284	88248	4.89	-38.41
El Salvador	92857	103483	124331	11.44	20.15
Madagascar	104000	102000	-	-1.92	-
Subtotal	218304628	240191857	264908593	10.03	10.29
Other reported^a	2992265	821154	540047	-72.56	-34.23
Total reported^b	221296893	241013011	265448640	8.91	10.14
World total^c	356678110	387693380	440000000	8.7	13.49

Source:	Derived from information contained in Containerisation International Online as of May 2007, from various Dynamar B.V. publications and from information obtained by the UNCTAD secretariat directly from terminal and port authorities.
^a	Comprises developing countries where fewer than 100,000 TEUs per year were reported or where a substantial lack of data was noted.
^b	Certain ports did not respond to the background survey. While they were not among the largest ports, total omissions can be estimated at 5 to 10 per cent.
^c	Whilst every effort is made to obtain up-to-date data, figures for 2006 are in some cases estimated. Port throughput figures tend not to be disclosed by ports until a considerable time after the end of the calendar year. In some cases this is due to the publication of annual accounts at the close of the financial year. Country totals may conceal the fact that minor ports may not be included; therefore, in some cases the actual figures may be higher than those given. The figures for 2005 are generally regarded as more reliable and hence are more often quoted in the accompanying narrative.



Top 20 container terminals and their throughput for 2004, 2005 and 2006
(TEUs and percentage change)

Port	2004	2005	2006	Percentage change
Port				2005–2004	2006–2005
Singapore	21329100	23192200	24792400	8.74	6.90
Hong Kong (China)	21984000	22427000	23539000	2.02	4.96
Shanghai	14557200	18084000	21710000	24.23	20.05
Shenzhen	13655500	16197173	18468900	18.61	14.03
Busan	11491968	11843151	12030000	3.06	1.58
Kaohsiung	9714115	9471056	9774670	-2.50	3.21
Rotterdam	8291994	9288349	9690052	12.02	4.32
Dubai	6428883	7619219	8923465	18.52	17.12
Hamburg	7003479	8087545	8861545	15.48	9.57
Los Angeles	7321440	7484624	8469853	2.23	13.16
Qingdao	5139700	6307000	7702000	22.71	22.12
Long Beach	5779852	6709818	7290365	16.09	8.65
Ningbo	4005500	5208000	7068000	30.02	35.71
Antwerp	6050442	6482061	7018799	7.13	8.28
Guangzhou	3304000	4685000	6600000	41.80	40.88
Port Klang	5243593	5543527	6320000	5.72	14.01
Tianjin	3814000	4801000	5900000	25.88	22.89
New York/New Jersey	4478480	4792922	5092806	7.02	6.26
Tanjung Pelepas	4020421	4177121	5000000	3.90	19.70
Bremen/Bremerhaven	3469253	3735574	4450000	7.68	19.12
Total top 20	167082920	186136340	208701855	13.52	14.63

Source: Containerisation International, May 2007