testata inforMARE
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3 ottobre 2025 - Anno XXIX
Quotidiano indipendente di economia e politica dei trasporti
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L'associazione dei cantieri navali giapponesi chiede al governo di Tokyo di partecipare al ricorso dell'UE alla WTO contro la Corea
L'esito della disputa influenzerà notevolmente l'attività delle aziende giapponesi
23 ottobre 2002
I costruttori navali giapponesi hanno chiesto oggi formalmente al governo di Tokyo di partecipare in qualità di terza parte, come previsto dall'articolo 10 dell'Annesso II dell'accordo di Marrakesh, al ricorso presentato dall'Unione Europea alla WTO contro il dumping praticato dai cantieri navali sudcoreani (inforMARE del 22 ottobre 2002).

Esortando l'esecutivo giapponese ad intervenire nella disputa, la Shipbuilders' Association of Japan (SAJ) ha precisato che i cantieri giapponesi, operando nel mercato globale della costruzione navale, sono notevolmente influenzati dall'attuale stato del mercato e da un eventuale esito della disputa tra Unione Europea a Corea del Sud.

L'associazione giapponese ha ricordato che, nel suo ricorso, l'UE accusa il governo sudcoreano di aver violato l'Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) della World Trade Organization avendo concesso misure di sostegno a cantieri sudcoreani virtualmente in bancarotta attraverso un'istituzione finanziaria controllata dal governo (la Korean Development Bank) ed avendo concesso uno speciale regime fiscale a favore di queste società. Il governo sudcoreano avrebbe inoltre avallato la creazione da parte della Korean Export-Import Bank di un fondo per l'esportazione a sostegno dei cantieri navali nazionali.




URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENT



ANNEX 2



UNDERSTANDING ON RULES AND PROCEDURES
GOVERNING THE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES




Members hereby agree as follows:



Article 1
Coverage and Application


1. The rules and procedures of this Understanding shall apply to disputes brought pursuant to the consultation and dispute settlement provisions of the agreements listed in Appendix 1 to this Understanding (referred to in this Understanding as the "covered agreements"). The rules and procedures of this Understanding shall also apply to consultations and the settlement of disputes between Members concerning their rights and obligations under the provisions of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (referred to in this Understanding as the "WTO Agreement") and of this Understanding taken in isolation or in combination with any other covered agreement.


2. The rules and procedures of this Understanding shall apply subject to such special or additional rules and procedures on dispute settlement contained in the covered agreements as are identified in Appendix 2 to this Understanding. To the extent that there is a difference between the rules and procedures of this Understanding and the special or additional rules and procedures set forth in Appendix 2, the special or additional rules and procedures in Appendix 2 shall prevail. In disputes involving rules and procedures under more than one covered agreement, if there is a conflict between special or additional rules and procedures of such agreements under review, and where the parties to the dispute cannot agree on rules and procedures within 20 days of the establishment of the panel, the Chairman of the Dispute Settlement Body provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 2 (referred to in this Understanding as the "DSB"), in consultation with the parties to the dispute, shall determine the rules and procedures to be followed within 10 days after a request by either Member. The Chairman shall be guided by the principle that special or additional rules and procedures should be used where possible, and the rules and procedures set out in this Understanding should be used to the extent necessary to avoid conflict.




Article 2
Administration


1. The Dispute Settlement Body is hereby established to administer these rules and procedures and, except as otherwise provided in a covered agreement, the consultation and dispute settlement provisions of the covered agreements. Accordingly, the DSB shall have the authority to establish panels, adopt panel and Appellate Body reports, maintain surveillance of implementation of rulings and recommendations, and authorize suspension of concessions and other obligations under the covered agreements. With respect to disputes arising under a covered agreement which is a Plurilateral Trade Agreement, the term "Member" as used herein shall refer only to those Members that are parties to the relevant Plurilateral Trade Agreement. Where the DSB administers the dispute settlement provisions of a Plurilateral Trade Agreement, only those Members that are parties to that Agreement may participate in decisions or actions taken by the DSB with respect to that dispute.


2. The DSB shall inform the relevant WTO Councils and Committees of any developments in disputes related to provisions of the respective covered agreements.


3. The DSB shall meet as often as necessary to carry out its functions within the time-frames provided in this Understanding.


4. Where the rules and procedures of this Understanding provide for the DSB to take a decision, it shall do so by consensus.




Article 3
General Provisions


1. Members affirm their adherence to the principles for the management of disputes heretofore applied under Articles XXII and XXIII of GATT 1947, and the rules and procedures as further elaborated and modified herein.


2. The dispute settlement system of the WTO is a central element in providing security and predictability to the multilateral trading system. The Members recognize that it serves to preserve the rights and obligations of Members under the covered agreements, and to clarify the existing provisions of those agreements in accordance with customary rules of interpretation of public international law. Recommendations and rulings of the DSB cannot add to or diminish the rights and obligations provided in the covered agreements.


3. The prompt settlement of situations in which a Member considers that any benefits accruing to it directly or indirectly under the covered agreements are being impaired by measures taken by another Member is essential to the effective functioning of the WTO and the maintenance of a proper balance between the rights and obligations of Members.


4. Recommendations or rulings made by the DSB shall be aimed at achieving a satisfactory settlement of the matter in accordance with the rights and obligations under this Understanding and under the covered agreements.


5. All solutions to matters formally raised under the consultation and dispute settlement provisions of the covered agreements, including arbitration awards, shall be consistent with those agreements and shall not nullify or impair benefits accruing to any Member under those agreements, nor impede the attainment of any objective of those agreements.


6. Mutually agreed solutions to matters formally raised under the consultation and dispute settlement provisions of the covered agreements shall be notified to the DSB and the relevant Councils and Committees, where any Member may raise any point relating thereto.


7. Before bringing a case, a Member shall exercise its judgement as to whether action under these procedures would be fruitful. The aim of the dispute settlement mechanism is to secure a positive solution to a dispute. A solution mutually acceptable to the parties to a dispute and consistent with the covered agreements is clearly to be preferred. In the absence of a mutually agreed solution, the first objective of the dispute settlement mechanism is usually to secure the withdrawal of the measures concerned if these are found to be inconsistent with the provisions of any of the covered agreements. The provision of compensation should be resorted to only if the immediate withdrawal of the measure is impracticable and as a temporary measure pending the withdrawal of the measure which is inconsistent with a covered agreement. The last resort which this Understanding provides to the Member invoking the dispute settlement procedures is the possibility of suspending the application of concessions or other obligations under the covered agreements on a discriminatory basis vis-à-vis the other Member, subject to authorization by the DSB of such measures.


8. In cases where there is an infringement of the obligations assumed under a covered agreement, the action is considered prima facie to constitute a case of nullification or impairment. This means that there is normally a presumption that a breach of the rules has an adverse impact on other Members parties to that covered agreement, and in such cases, it shall be up to the Member against whom the complaint has been brought to rebut the charge.


9. The provisions of this Understanding are without prejudice to the rights of Members to seek authoritative interpretation of provisions of a covered agreement through decision-making under the WTO Agreement or a covered agreement which is a Plurilateral Trade Agreement.


10. It is understood that requests for conciliation and the use of the dispute settlement procedures should not be intended or considered as contentious acts and that, if a dispute arises, all Members will engage in these procedures in good faith in an effort to resolve the dispute. It is also understood that complaints and counter-complaints in regard to distinct matters should not be linked.


11. This Understanding shall be applied only with respect to new requests for consultations under the consultation provisions of the covered agreements made on or after the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement. With respect to disputes for which the request for consultations was made under GATT 1947 or under any other predecessor agreement to the covered agreements before the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement, the relevant dispute settlement rules and procedures in effect immediately prior to the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement shall continue to apply.


12. Notwithstanding paragraph 11, if a complaint based on any of the covered agreements is brought by a developing country Member against a developed country Member, the complaining party shall have the right to invoke, as an alternative to the provisions contained in Articles 4, 5, 6 and 12 of this Understanding, the corresponding provisions of the Decision of 5 April 1966 (BISD 14S/18), except that where the Panel considers that the time-frame provided for in paragraph 7 of that Decision is insufficient to provide its report and with the agreement of the complaining party, that time-frame may be extended. To the extent that there is a difference between the rules and procedures of Articles 4, 5, 6 and 12 and the corresponding rules and procedures of the Decision, the latter shall prevail.




Article 4
Consultations


1. Members affirm their resolve to strengthen and improve the effectiveness of the consultation procedures employed by Members.


2. Each Member undertakes to accord sympathetic consideration to and afford adequate opportunity for consultation regarding any representations made by another Member concerning measures affecting the operation of any covered agreement taken within the territory of the former.


3. If a request for consultations is made pursuant to a covered agreement, the Member to which the request is made shall, unless otherwise mutually agreed, reply to the request within 10 days after the date of its receipt and shall enter into consultations in good faith within a period of no more than 30 days after the date of receipt of the request, with a view to reaching a mutually satisfactory solution. If the Member does not respond within 10 days after the date of receipt of the request, or does not enter into consultations within a period of no more than 30 days, or a period otherwise mutually agreed, after the date of receipt of the request, then the Member that requested the holding of consultations may proceed directly to request the establishment of a panel.


4. All such requests for consultations shall be notified to the DSB and the relevant Councils and Committees by the Member which requests consultations. Any request for consultations shall be submitted in writing and shall give the reasons for the request, including identification of the measures at issue and an indication of the legal basis for the complaint.


5. In the course of consultations in accordance with the provisions of a covered agreement, before resorting to further action under this Understanding, Members should attempt to obtain satisfactory adjustment of the matter.


6. Consultations shall be confidential, and without prejudice to the rights of any Member in any further proceedings.


7. If the consultations fail to settle a dispute within 60 days after the date of receipt of the request for consultations, the complaining party may request the establishment of a panel. The complaining party may request a panel during the 60-day period if the consulting parties jointly consider that consultations have failed to settle the dispute.


8. In cases of urgency, including those which concern perishable goods, Members shall enter into consultations within a period of no more than 10 days after the date of receipt of the request. If the consultations have failed to settle the dispute within a period of 20 days after the date of receipt of the request, the complaining party may request the establishment of a panel.


9. In cases of urgency, including those which concern perishable goods, the parties to the dispute, panels and the Appellate Body shall make every effort to accelerate the proceedings to the greatest extent possible.


10. During consultations Members should give special attention to the particular problems and interests of developing country Members.


11. Whenever a Member other than the consulting Members considers that it has a substantial trade interest in consultations being held pursuant to paragraph 1 of Article XXII of GATT 1994, paragraph 1 of Article XXII of GATS, or the corresponding provisions in other covered agreements, such Member may notify the consulting Members and the DSB, within 10 days after the date of the circulation of the request for consultations under said Article, of its desire to be joined in the consultations. Such Member shall be joined in the consultations, provided that the Member to which the request for consultations was addressed agrees that the claim of substantial interest is well-founded. In that event they shall so inform the DSB. If the request to be joined in the consultations is not accepted, the applicant Member shall be free to request consultations under paragraph 1 of Article XXII or paragraph 1 of Article XXIII of GATT 1994, paragraph 1 of Article XXII or paragraph 1 of Article XXIII of GATS, or the corresponding provisions in other covered agreements.




Article 5
Good Offices, Conciliation and Mediation


1. Good offices, conciliation and mediation are procedures that are undertaken voluntarily if the parties to the dispute so agree.


2. Proceedings involving good offices, conciliation and mediation, and in particular positions taken by the parties to the dispute during these proceedings, shall be confidential, and without prejudice to the rights of either party in any further proceedings under these procedures.


3. Good offices, conciliation or mediation may be requested at any time by any party to a dispute. They may begin at any time and be terminated at any time. Once procedures for good offices, conciliation or mediation are terminated, a complaining party may then proceed with a request for the establishment of a panel.


4. When good offices, conciliation or mediation are entered into within 60 days after the date of receipt of a request for consultations, the complaining party must allow a period of 60 days after the date of receipt of the request for consultations before requesting the establishment of a panel. The complaining party may request the establishment of a panel during the 60-day period if the parties to the dispute jointly consider that the good offices, conciliation or mediation process has failed to settle the dispute.


5. If the parties to a dispute agree, procedures for good offices, conciliation or mediation may continue while the panel process proceeds.


6. The Director-General may, acting in an ex officio capacity, offer good offices, conciliation or mediation with the view to assisting Members to settle a dispute.




Article 6
Establishment of Panels


1. If the complaining party so requests, a panel shall be established at the latest at the DSB meeting following that at which the request first appears as an item on the DSB's agenda, unless at that meeting the DSB decides by consensus not to establish a panel.


2. The request for the establishment of a panel shall be made in writing. It shall indicate whether consultations were held, identify the specific measures at issue and provide a brief summary of the legal basis of the complaint sufficient to present the problem clearly. In case the applicant requests the establishment of a panel with other than standard terms of reference, the written request shall include the proposed text of special terms of reference.




Article 7
Terms of Reference of Panels


1. Panels shall have the following terms of reference unless the parties to the dispute agree otherwise within 20 days from the establishment of the panel:


"To examine, in the light of the relevant provisions in (name of the covered agreement(s) cited by the parties to the dispute), the matter referred to the DSB by (name of party) in document ... and to make such findings as will assist the DSB in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in that/those agreement(s)."


2. Panels shall address the relevant provisions in any covered agreement or agreements cited by the parties to the dispute.


3. In establishing a panel, the DSB may authorize its Chairman to draw up the terms of reference of the panel in consultation with the parties to the dispute, subject to the provisions of paragraph 1. The terms of reference thus drawn up shall be circulated to all Members. If other than standard terms of reference are agreed upon, any Member may raise any point relating thereto in the DSB.




Article 8
Composition of Panels


1. Panels shall be composed of well-qualified governmental and/or non-governmental individuals, including persons who have served on or presented a case to a panel, served as a representative of a Member or of a contracting party to GATT 1947 or as a representative to the Council or Committee of any covered agreement or its predecessor agreement, or in the Secretariat, taught or published on international trade law or policy, or served as a senior trade policy official of a Member.


2. Panel members should be selected with a view to ensuring the independence of the members, a sufficiently diverse background and a wide spectrum of experience.


3. Citizens of Members whose governments are parties to the dispute or third parties as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 10 shall not serve on a panel concerned with that dispute, unless the parties to the dispute agree otherwise.


4. To assist in the selection of panelists, the Secretariat shall maintain an indicative list of governmental and non-governmental individuals possessing the qualifications outlined in paragraph 1, from which panelists may be drawn as appropriate. That list shall include the roster of non-governmental panelists established on 30 November 1984 (BISD 31S/9), and other rosters and indicative lists established under any of the covered agreements, and shall retain the names of persons on those rosters and indicative lists at the time of entry into force of the WTO Agreement. Members may periodically suggest names of governmental and non-governmental individuals for inclusion on the indicative list, providing relevant information on their knowledge of international trade and of the sectors or subject matter of the covered agreements, and those names shall be added to the list upon approval by the DSB. For each of the individuals on the list, the list shall indicate specific areas of experience or expertise of the individuals in the sectors or subject matter of the covered agreements.


5. Panels shall be composed of three panelists unless the parties to the dispute agree, within 10 days from the establishment of the panel, to a panel composed of five panelists. Members shall be informed promptly of the composition of the panel.


6. The Secretariat shall propose nominations for the panel to the parties to the dispute. The parties to the dispute shall not oppose nominations except for compelling reasons.


7. If there is no agreement on the panelists within 20 days after the date of the establishment of a panel, at the request of either party, the Director-General, in consultation with the Chairman of the DSB and the Chairman of the relevant Council or Committee, shall determine the composition of the panel by appointing the panelists whom the Director-General considers most appropriate in accordance with any relevant special or additional rules or procedures of the covered agreement or covered agreements which are at issue in the dispute, after consulting with the parties to the dispute. The Chairman of the DSB shall inform the Members of the composition of the panel thus formed no later than 10 days after the date the Chairman receives such a request.


8. Members shall undertake, as a general rule, to permit their officials to serve as panelists.


9. Panelists shall serve in their individual capacities and not as government representatives, nor as representatives of any organization. Members shall therefore not give them instructions nor seek to influence them as individuals with regard to matters before a panel.


10. When a dispute is between a developing country Member and a developed country Member the panel shall, if the developing country Member so requests, include at least one panelist from a developing country Member.


11. Panelists' expenses, including travel and subsistence allowance, shall be met from the WTO budget in accordance with criteria to be adopted by the General Council, based on recommendations of the Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration.




Article 9
Procedures for Multiple Complainants


1. Where more than one Member requests the establishment of a panel related to the same matter, a single panel may be established to examine these complaints taking into account the rights of all Members concerned. A single panel should be established to examine such complaints whenever feasible.


2. The single panel shall organize its examination and present its findings to the DSB in such a manner that the rights which the parties to the dispute would have enjoyed had separate panels examined the complaints are in no way impaired. If one of the parties to the dispute so requests, the panel shall submit separate reports on the dispute concerned. The written submissions by each of the complainants shall be made available to the other complainants, and each complainant shall have the right to be present when any one of the other complainants presents its views to the panel.


3. If more than one panel is established to examine the complaints related to the same matter, to the greatest extent possible the same persons shall serve as panelists on each of the separate panels and the timetable for the panel process in such disputes shall be harmonized.




Article 10
Third Parties


1. The interests of the parties to a dispute and those of other Members under a covered agreement at issue in the dispute shall be fully taken into account during the panel process.


2. Any Member having a substantial interest in a matter before a panel and having notified its interest to the DSB (referred to in this Understanding as a "third party") shall have an opportunity to be heard by the panel and to make written submissions to the panel. These submissions shall also be given to the parties to the dispute and shall be reflected in the panel report.


3. Third parties shall receive the submissions of the parties to the dispute to the first meeting of the panel.


4. If a third party considers that a measure already the subject of a panel proceeding nullifies or impairs benefits accruing to it under any covered agreement, that Member may have recourse to normal dispute settlement procedures under this Understanding. Such a dispute shall be referred to the original panel wherever possible.




Article 11
Function of Panels


The function of panels is to assist the DSB in discharging its responsibilities under this Understanding and the covered agreements. Accordingly, a panel should make an objective assessment of the matter before it, including an objective assessment of the facts of the case and the applicability of and conformity with the relevant covered agreements, and make such other findings as will assist the DSB in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in the covered agreements. Panels should consult regularly with the parties to the dispute and give them adequate opportunity to develop a mutually satisfactory solution.




Article 12
Panel Procedures


1. Panels shall follow the Working Procedures in Appendix 3 unless the panel decides otherwise after consulting the parties to the dispute.


2. Panel procedures should provide sufficient flexibility so as to ensure high-quality panel reports, while not unduly delaying the panel process.


3. After consulting the parties to the dispute, the panelists shall, as soon as practicable and whenever possible within one week after the composition and terms of reference of the panel have been agreed upon, fix the timetable for the panel process, taking into account the provisions of paragraph 9 of Article 4, if relevant.


4. In determining the timetable for the panel process, the panel shall provide sufficient time for the parties to the dispute to prepare their submissions.


5. Panels should set precise deadlines for written submissions by the parties and the parties should respect those deadlines.


6. Each party to the dispute shall deposit its written submissions with the Secretariat for immediate transmission to the panel and to the other party or parties to the dispute. The complaining party shall submit its first submission in advance of the responding party's first submission unless the panel decides, in fixing the timetable referred to in paragraph 3 and after consultations with the parties to the dispute, that the parties should submit their first submissions simultaneously. When there are sequential arrangements for the deposit of first submissions, the panel shall establish a firm time-period for receipt of the responding party's submission. Any subsequent written submissions shall be submitted simultaneously.


7. Where the parties to the dispute have failed to develop a mutually satisfactory solution, the panel shall submit its findings in the form of a written report to the DSB. In such cases, the report of a panel shall set out the findings of fact, the applicability of relevant provisions and the basic rationale behind any findings and recommendations that it makes. Where a settlement of the matter among the parties to the dispute has been found, the report of the panel shall be confined to a brief description of the case and to reporting that a solution has been reached.


8. In order to make the procedures more efficient, the period in which the panel shall conduct its examination, from the date that the composition and terms of reference of the panel have been agreed upon until the date the final report is issued to the parties to the dispute, shall, as a general rule, not exceed six months. In cases of urgency, including those relating to perishable goods, the panel shall aim to issue its report to the parties to the dispute within three months.


9. When the panel considers that it cannot issue its report within six months, or within three months in cases of urgency, it shall inform the DSB in writing of the reasons for the delay together with an estimate of the period within which it will issue its report. In no case should the period from the establishment of the panel to the circulation of the report to the Members exceed nine months.


10. In the context of consultations involving a measure taken by a developing country Member, the parties may agree to extend the periods established in paragraphs 7 and 8 of Article 4. If, after the relevant period has elapsed, the consulting parties cannot agree that the consultations have concluded, the Chairman of the DSB shall decide, after consultation with the parties, whether to extend the relevant period and, if so, for how long. In addition, in examining a complaint against a developing country Member, the panel shall accord sufficient time for the developing country Member to prepare and present its argumentation. The provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 20 and paragraph 4 of Article 21 are not affected by any action pursuant to this paragraph.


11. Where one or more of the parties is a developing country Member, the panel's report shall explicitly indicate the form in which account has been taken of relevant provisions on differential and more-favourable treatment for developing country Members that form part of the covered agreements which have been raised by the developing country Member in the course of the dispute settlement procedures.


12. The panel may suspend its work at any time at the request of the complaining party for a period not to exceed 12 months. In the event of such a suspension, the time-frames set out in paragraphs 8 and 9 of this Article, paragraph 1 of Article 20, and paragraph 4 of Article 21 shall be extended by the amount of time that the work was suspended. If the work of the panel has been suspended for more than 12 months, the authority for establishment of the panel shall lapse.




Article 13
Right to Seek Information


1. Each panel shall have the right to seek information and technical advice from any individual or body which it deems appropriate. However, before a panel seeks such information or advice from any individual or body within the jurisdiction of a Member it shall inform the authorities of that Member. A Member should respond promptly and fully to any request by a panel for such information as the panel considers necessary and appropriate. Confidential information which is provided shall not be revealed without formal authorization from the individual, body, or authorities of the Member providing the information.


2. Panels may seek information from any relevant source and may consult experts to obtain their opinion on certain aspects of the matter. With respect to a factual issue concerning a scientific or other technical matter raised by a party to a dispute, a panel may request an advisory report in writing from an expert review group. Rules for the establishment of such a group and its procedures are set forth in Appendix 4.




Article 14
Confidentiality


1. Panel deliberations shall be confidential.


2. The reports of panels shall be drafted without the presence of the parties to the dispute in the light of the information provided and the statements made.


3. Opinions expressed in the panel report by individual panelists shall be anonymous.




Article 15
Interim Review Stage


1. Following the consideration of rebuttal submissions and oral arguments, the panel shall issue the descriptive (factual and argument) sections of its draft report to the parties to the dispute. Within a period of time set by the panel, the parties shall submit their comments in writing.


2. Following the expiration of the set period of time for receipt of comments from the parties to the dispute, the panel shall issue an interim report to the parties, including both the descriptive sections and the panel's findings and conclusions. Within a period of time set by the panel, a party may submit a written request for the panel to review precise aspects of the interim report prior to circulation of the final report to the Members. At the request of a party, the panel shall hold a further meeting with the parties on the issues identified in the written comments. If no comments are received from any party within the comment period, the interim report shall be considered the final panel report and circulated promptly to the Members.


3. The findings of the final panel report shall include a discussion of the arguments made at the interim review stage. The interim review stage shall be conducted within the time-period set out in paragraph 8 of Article 12.




Article 16
Adoption of Panel Reports


1. In order to provide sufficient time for the Members to consider panel reports, the reports shall not be considered for adoption by the DSB until 20 days after the date they have been circulated to the Members.


2. Members having objections to a panel report shall give written reasons to explain their objections for circulation at least 10 days prior to the DSB meeting at which the panel report will be considered.


3. The parties to a dispute shall have the right to participate fully in the consideration of the panel report by the DSB, and their views shall be fully recorded.


4. Within 60 days after the date of circulation of a panel report to the Members, the report shall be adopted at a DSB meeting unless a party to the dispute formally notifies the DSB of its decision to appeal or the DSB decides by consensus not to adopt the report. If a party has notified its decision to appeal, the report by the panel shall not be considered for adoption by the DSB until after completion of the appeal. This adoption procedure is without prejudice to the right of Members to express their views on a panel report.




Article 17
Appellate Review


Standing Appellate Body


1. A standing Appellate Body shall be established by the DSB. The Appellate Body shall hear appeals from panel cases. It shall be composed of seven persons, three of whom shall serve on any one case. Persons serving on the Appellate Body shall serve in rotation. Such rotation shall be determined in the working procedures of the Appellate Body.


2. The DSB shall appoint persons to serve on the Appellate Body for a four-year term, and each person may be reappointed once. However, the terms of three of the seven persons appointed immediately after the entry into force of the WTO Agreement shall expire at the end of two years, to be determined by lot. Vacancies shall be filled as they arise. A person appointed to replace a person whose term of office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of the predecessor's term.


3. The Appellate Body shall comprise persons of recognized authority, with demonstrated expertise in law, international trade and the subject matter of the covered agreements generally. They shall be unaffiliated with any government. The Appellate Body membership shall be broadly representative of membership in the WTO. All persons serving on the Appellate Body shall be available at all times and on short notice, and shall stay abreast of dispute settlement activities and other relevant activities of the WTO. They shall not participate in the consideration of any disputes that would create a direct or indirect conflict of interest.


4. Only parties to the dispute, not third parties, may appeal a panel report. Third parties which have notified the DSB of a substantial interest in the matter pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 10 may make written submissions to, and be given an opportunity to be heard by, the Appellate Body.


5. As a general rule, the proceedings shall not exceed 60 days from the date a party to the dispute formally notifies its decision to appeal to the date the Appellate Body circulates its report. In fixing its timetable the Appellate Body shall take into account the provisions of paragraph 9 of Article 4, if relevant. When the Appellate Body considers that it cannot provide its report within 60 days, it shall inform the DSB in writing of the reasons for the delay together with an estimate of the period within which it will submit its report. In no case shall the proceedings exceed 90 days.


6. An appeal shall be limited to issues of law covered in the panel report and legal interpretations developed by the panel.


7. The Appellate Body shall be provided with appropriate administrative and legal support as it requires.


8. The expenses of persons serving on the Appellate Body, including travel and subsistence allowance, shall be met from the WTO budget in accordance with criteria to be adopted by the General Council, based on recommendations of the Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration.


Procedures for Appellate Review


9. Working procedures shall be drawn up by the Appellate Body in consultation with the Chairman of the DSB and the Director-General, and communicated to the Members for their information.


10. The proceedings of the Appellate Body shall be confidential. The reports of the Appellate Body shall be drafted without the presence of the parties to the dispute and in the light of the information provided and the statements made.


11. Opinions expressed in the Appellate Body report by individuals serving on the Appellate Body shall be anonymous.


12. The Appellate Body shall address each of the issues raised in accordance with paragraph 6 during the appellate proceeding.


13. The Appellate Body may uphold, modify or reverse the legal findings and conclusions of the panel.


Adoption of Appellate Body Reports


14. An Appellate Body report shall be adopted by the DSB and unconditionally accepted by the parties to the dispute unless the DSB decides by consensus not to adopt the Appellate Body report within 30 days following its circulation to the Members. This adoption procedure is without prejudice to the right of Members to express their views on an Appellate Body report.




Article 18
Communications with the Panel or Appellate Body


1. There shall be no ex parte communications with the panel or Appellate Body concerning matters under consideration by the panel or Appellate Body.


2. Written submissions to the panel or the Appellate Body shall be treated as confidential, but shall be made available to the parties to the dispute. Nothing in this Understanding shall preclude a party to a dispute from disclosing statements of its own positions to the public. Members shall treat as confidential information submitted by another Member to the panel or the Appellate Body which that Member has designated as confidential. A party to a dispute shall also, upon request of a Member, provide a non-confidential summary of the information contained in its written submissions that could be disclosed to the public.




Article 19
Panel and Appellate Body Recommendations


1. Where a panel or the Appellate Body concludes that a measure is inconsistent with a covered agreement, it shall recommend that the Member concerned bring the measure into conformity with that agreement. In addition to its recommendations, the panel or Appellate Body may suggest ways in which the Member concerned could implement the recommendations.


2. In accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 3, in their findings and recommendations, the panel and Appellate Body cannot add to or diminish the rights and obligations provided in the covered agreements.




Article 20
Time-frame for DSB Decisions


Unless otherwise agreed to by the parties to the dispute, the period from the date of establishment of the panel by the DSB until the date the DSB considers the panel or appellate report for adoption shall as a general rule not exceed nine months where the panel report is not appealed or 12 months where the report is appealed. Where either the panel or the Appellate Body has acted, pursuant to paragraph 9 of Article 12 or paragraph 5 of Article 17, to extend the time for providing its report, the additional time taken shall be added to the above periods.




Article 21
Surveillance of Implementation of Recommendations and Rulings


1. Prompt compliance with recommendations or rulings of the DSB is essential in order to ensure effective resolution of disputes to the benefit of all Members.


2. Particular attention should be paid to matters affecting the interests of developing country Members with respect to measures which have been subject to dispute settlement.


3. At a DSB meeting held within 30 days after the date of adoption of the panel or Appellate Body report, the Member concerned shall inform the DSB of its intentions in respect of implementation of the recommendations and rulings of the DSB. If it is impracticable to comply immediately with the recommendations and rulings, the Member concerned shall have a reasonable period of time in which to do so. The reasonable period of time shall be:


(a) the period of time proposed by the Member concerned, provided that such period is approved by the DSB; or, in the absence of such approval,


(b) a period of time mutually agreed by the parties to the dispute within 45 days after the date of adoption of the recommendations and rulings; or, in the absence of such agreement,


(c) a period of time determined through binding arbitration within 90 days after the date of adoption of the recommendations and rulings. In such arbitration, a guideline for the arbitrator should be that the reasonable period of time to implement panel or Appellate Body recommendations should not exceed 15 months from the date of adoption of a panel or Appellate Body report. However, that time may be shorter or longer, depending upon the particular circumstances.


4. Except where the panel or the Appellate Body has extended, pursuant to paragraph 9 of Article 12 or paragraph 5 of Article 17, the time of providing its report, the period from the date of establishment of the panel by the DSB until the date of determination of the reasonable period of time shall not exceed 15 months unless the parties to the dispute agree otherwise. Where either the panel or the Appellate Body has acted to extend the time of providing its report, the additional time taken shall be added to the 15-month period; provided that unless the parties to the dispute agree that there are exceptional circumstances, the total time shall not exceed 18 months.


5. Where there is disagreement as to the existence or consistency with a covered agreement of measures taken to comply with the recommendations and rulings such dispute shall be decided through recourse to these dispute settlement procedures, including wherever possible resort to the original panel. The panel shall circulate its report within 90 days after the date of referral of the matter to it. When the panel considers that it cannot provide its report within this time frame, it shall inform the DSB in writing of the reasons for the delay together with an estimate of the period within which it will submit its report.


6. The DSB shall keep under surveillance the implementation of adopted recommendations or rulings. The issue of implementation of the recommendations or rulings may be raised at the DSB by any Member at any time following their adoption. Unless the DSB decides otherwise, the issue of implementation of the recommendations or rulings shall be placed on the agenda of the DSB meeting after six months following the date of establishment of the reasonable period of time pursuant to paragraph 3 and shall remain on the DSB's agenda until the issue is resolved. At least 10 days prior to each such DSB meeting, the Member concerned shall provide the DSB with a status report in writing of its progress in the implementation of the recommendations or rulings.


7. If the matter is one which has been raised by a developing country Member, the DSB shall consider what further action it might take which would be appropriate to the circumstances.


8. If the case is one brought by a developing country Member, in considering what appropriate action might be taken, the DSB shall take into account not only the trade coverage of measures complained of, but also their impact on the economy of developing country Members concerned.




Article 22
Compensation and the Suspension of Concessions


1. Compensation and the suspension of concessions or other obligations are temporary measures available in the event that the recommendations and rulings are not implemented within a reasonable period of time. However, neither compensation nor the suspension of concessions or other obligations is preferred to full implementation of a recommendation to bring a measure into conformity with the covered agreements. Compensation is voluntary and, if granted, shall be consistent with the covered agreements.


2. If the Member concerned fails to bring the measure found to be inconsistent with a covered agreement into compliance therewith or otherwise comply with the recommendations and rulings within the reasonable period of time determined pursuant to paragraph 3 of Article 21, such Member shall, if so requested, and no later than the expiry of the reasonable period of time, enter into negotiations with any party having invoked the dispute settlement procedures, with a view to developing mutually acceptable compensation. If no satisfactory compensation has been agreed within 20 days after the date of expiry of the reasonable period of time, any party having invoked the dispute settlement procedures may request authorization from the DSB to suspend the application to the Member concerned of concessions or other obligations under the covered agreements.


3. In considering what concessions or other obligations to suspend, the complaining party shall apply the following principles and procedures:


(a) the general principle is that the complaining party should first seek to suspend concessions or other obligations with respect to the same sector(s) as that in which the panel or Appellate Body has found a violation or other nullification or impairment;


(b) if that party considers that it is not practicable or effective to suspend concessions or other obligations with respect to the same sector(s), it may seek to suspend concessions or other obligations in other sectors under the same agreement;


(c) if that party considers that it is not practicable or effective to suspend concessions or other obligations with respect to other sectors under the same agreement, and that the circumstances are serious enough, it may seek to suspend concessions or other obligations under another covered agreement;


(d) in applying the above principles, that party shall take into account:


(i) the trade in the sector or under the agreement under which the panel or Appellate Body has found a violation or other nullification or impairment, and the importance of such trade to that party;


(ii) the broader economic elements related to the nullification or impairment and the broader economic consequences of the suspension of concessions or other obligations;



(e) if that party decides to request authorization to suspend concessions or other obligations pursuant to subparagraphs (b) or (c), it shall state the reasons therefor in its request. At the same time as the request is forwarded to the DSB, it also shall be forwarded to the relevant Councils and also, in the case of a request pursuant to subparagraph (b), the relevant sectoral bodies;


(f) for purposes of this paragraph, "sector" means:


(i) with respect to goods, all goods;


(ii) with respect to services, a principal sector as identified in the current "Services Sectoral Classification List" which identifies such sectors;



(iii) with respect to trade-related intellectual property rights, each of the categories of intellectual property rights covered in Section 1, or Section 2, or Section 3, or Section 4, or Section 5, or Section 6, or Section 7 of Part II, or the obligations under Part III, or Part IV of the Agreement on TRIPS;


(g) for purposes of this paragraph, "agreement" means:


(i) with respect to goods, the agreements listed in Annex 1A of the WTO Agreement, taken as a whole as well as the Plurilateral Trade Agreements in so far as the relevant parties to the dispute are parties to these agreements;


(ii) with respect to services, the GATS;


(iii) with respect to intellectual property rights, the Agreement on TRIPS.


4. The level of the suspension of concessions or other obligations authorized by the DSB shall be equivalent to the level of the nullification or impairment.


5. The DSB shall not authorize suspension of concessions or other obligations if a covered agreement prohibits such suspension.


6. When the situation described in paragraph 2 occurs, the DSB, upon request, shall grant authorization to suspend concessions or other obligations within 30 days of the expiry of the reasonable period of time unless the DSB decides by consensus to reject the request. However, if the Member concerned objects to the level of suspension proposed, or claims that the principles and procedures set forth in paragraph 3 have not been followed where a complaining party has requested authorization to suspend concessions or other obligations pursuant to paragraph 3(b) or (c), the matter shall be referred to arbitration. Such arbitration shall be carried out by the original panel, if members are available, or by an arbitrator appointed by the Director-General and shall be completed within 60 days after the date of expiry of the reasonable period of time. Concessions or other obligations shall not be suspended during the course of the arbitration.


7. The arbitrator acting pursuant to paragraph 6 shall not examine the nature of the concessions or other obligations to be suspended but shall determine whether the level of such suspension is equivalent to the level of nullification or impairment. The arbitrator may also determine if the proposed suspension of concessions or other obligations is allowed under the covered agreement. However, if the matter referred to arbitration includes a claim that the principles and procedures set forth in paragraph 3 have not been followed, the arbitrator shall examine that claim. In the event the arbitrator determines that those principles and procedures have not been followed, the complaining party shall apply them consistent with paragraph 3. The parties shall accept the arbitrator's decision as final and the parties concerned shall not seek a second arbitration. The DSB shall be informed promptly of the decision of the arbitrator and shall upon request, grant authorization to suspend concessions or other obligations where the request is consistent with the decision of the arbitrator, unless the DSB decides by consensus to reject the request.


8. The suspension of concessions or other obligations shall be temporary and shall only be applied until such time as the measure found to be inconsistent with a covered agreement has been removed, or the Member that must implement recommendations or rulings provides a solution to the nullification or impairment of benefits, or a mutually satisfactory solution is reached. In accordance with paragraph 6 of Article 21, the DSB shall continue to keep under surveillance the implementation of adopted recommendations or rulings, including those cases where compensation has been provided or concessions or other obligations have been suspended but the recommendations to bring a measure into conformity with the covered agreements have not been implemented.


9. The dispute settlement provisions of the covered agreements may be invoked in respect of measures affecting their observance taken by regional or local governments or authorities within the territory of a Member. When the DSB has ruled that a provision of a covered agreement has not been observed, the responsible Member shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to it to ensure its observance. The provisions of the covered agreements and this Understanding relating to compensation and suspension of concessions or other obligations apply in cases where it has not been possible to secure such observance.




Article 23
Strengthening of the Multilateral System


1. When Members seek the redress of a violation of obligations or other nullification or impairment of benefits under the covered agreements or an impediment to the attainment of any objective of the covered agreements, they shall have recourse to, and abide by, the rules and procedures of this Understanding.


2. In such cases, Members shall:


(a) not make a determination to the effect that a violation has occurred, that benefits have been nullified or impaired or that the attainment of any objective of the covered agreements has been impeded, except through recourse to dispute settlement in accordance with the rules and procedures of this Understanding, and shall make any such determination consistent with the findings contained in the panel or Appellate Body report adopted by the DSB or an arbitration award rendered under this Understanding;



(b) follow the procedures set forth in Article 21 to determine the reasonable period of time for the Member concerned to implement the recommendations and rulings; and



(c) follow the procedures set forth in Article 22 to determine the level of suspension of concessions or other obligations and obtain DSB authorization in accordance with those procedures before suspending concessions or other obligations under the covered agreements in response to the failure of the Member concerned to implement the recommendations and rulings within that reasonable period of time.




Article 24
Special Procedures Involving Least-Developed Country Members


1. At all stages of the determination of the causes of a dispute and of dispute settlement procedures involving a least-developed country Member, particular consideration shall be given to the special situation of least-developed country Members. In this regard, Members shall exercise due restraint in raising matters under these procedures involving a least-developed country Member. If nullification or impairment is found to result from a measure taken by a least-developed country Member, complaining parties shall exercise due restraint in asking for compensation or seeking authorization to suspend the application of concessions or other obligations pursuant to these procedures.


2. In dispute settlement cases involving a least-developed country Member, where a satisfactory solution has not been found in the course of consultations the Director-General or the Chairman of the DSB shall, upon request by a least-developed country Member offer their good offices, conciliation and mediation with a view to assisting the parties to settle the dispute, before a request for a panel is made. The Director-General or the Chairman of the DSB, in providing the above assistance, may consult any source which either deems appropriate.




Article 25
Arbitration


1. Expeditious arbitration within the WTO as an alternative means of dispute settlement can facilitate the solution of certain disputes that concern issues that are clearly defined by both parties.


2. Except as otherwise provided in this Understanding, resort to arbitration shall be subject to mutual agreement of the parties which shall agree on the procedures to be followed. Agreements to resort to arbitration shall be notified to all Members sufficiently in advance of the actual commencement of the arbitration process.


3. Other Members may become party to an arbitration proceeding only upon the agreement of the parties which have agreed to have recourse to arbitration. The parties to the proceeding shall agree to abide by the arbitration award. Arbitration awards shall be notified to the DSB and the Council or Committee of any relevant agreement where any Member may raise any point relating thereto.


4. Articles 21 and 22 of this Understanding shall apply mutatis mutandis to arbitration awards.




Article 26


1. Non-Violation Complaints of the Type Described in Paragraph 1(b) of Article XXIII of GATT 1994


Where the provisions of paragraph 1(b) of Article XXIII of GATT 1994 are applicable to a covered agreement, a panel or the Appellate Body may only make rulings and recommendations where a party to the dispute considers that any benefit accruing to it directly or indirectly under the relevant covered agreement is being nullified or impaired or the attainment of any objective of that Agreement is being impeded as a result of the application by a Member of any measure, whether or not it conflicts with the provisions of that Agreement. Where and to the extent that such party considers and a panel or the Appellate Body determines that a case concerns a measure that does not conflict with the provisions of a covered agreement to which the provisions of paragraph 1(b) of Article XXIII of GATT 1994 are applicable, the procedures in this Understanding shall apply, subject to the following:


(a) the complaining party shall present a detailed justification in support of any complaint relating to a measure which does not conflict with the relevant covered agreement;


(b) where a measure has been found to nullify or impair benefits under, or impede the attainment of objectives, of the relevant covered agreement without violation thereof, there is no obligation to withdraw the measure. However, in such cases, the panel or the Appellate Body shall recommend that the Member concerned make a mutually satisfactory adjustment;


(c) notwithstanding the provisions of Article 21, the arbitration provided for in paragraph 3 of Article 21, upon request of either party, may include a determination of the level of benefits which have been nullified or impaired, and may also suggest ways and means of reaching a mutually satisfactory adjustment; such suggestions shall not be binding upon the parties to the dispute;


(d) notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 22, compensation may be part of a mutually satisfactory adjustment as final settlement of the dispute.


2. Complaints of the Type Described in Paragraph 1(c) of Article XXIII of GATT 1994


Where the provisions of paragraph 1(c) of Article XXIII of GATT 1994 are applicable to a covered agreement, a panel may only make rulings and recommendations where a party considers that any benefit accruing to it directly or indirectly under the relevant covered agreement is being nullified or impaired or the attainment of any objective of that Agreement is being impeded as a result of the existence of any situation other than those to which the provisions of paragraphs 1(a) and 1(b) of Article XXIII of GATT 1994 are applicable. Where and to the extent that such party considers and a panel determines that the matter is covered by this paragraph, the procedures of this Understanding shall apply only up to and including the point in the proceedings where the panel report has been circulated to the Members. The dispute settlement rules and procedures contained in the Decision of 12 April 1989 (BISD 36S/61-67) shall apply to consideration for adoption, and surveillance and implementation of recommendations and rulings. The following shall also apply:


(a) the complaining party shall present a detailed justification in support of any argument made with respect to issues covered under this paragraph;


(b) in cases involving matters covered by this paragraph, if a panel finds that cases also involve dispute settlement matters other than those covered by this paragraph, the panel shall circulate a report to the DSB addressing any such matters and a separate report on matters falling under this paragraph.



Article 27


Responsibilities of the Secretariat


1. The Secretariat shall have the responsibility of assisting panels, especially on the legal, historical and procedural aspects of the matters dealt with, and of providing secretarial and technical support.


2. While the Secretariat assists Members in respect of dispute settlement at their request, there may also be a need to provide additional legal advice and assistance in respect of dispute settlement to developing country Members. To this end, the Secretariat shall make available a qualified legal expert from the WTO technical cooperation services to any developing country Member which so requests. This expert shall assist the developing country Member in a manner ensuring the continued impartiality of the Secretariat.


3. The Secretariat shall conduct special training courses for interested Members concerning these dispute settlement procedures and practices so as to enable Members' experts to be better informed in this regard.

APPENDIX 1


AGREEMENTS COVERED BY THE UNDERSTANDING



(A) Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization


(B) Multilateral Trade Agreements


Annex 1A: Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods

Annex 1B: General Agreement on Trade in Services

Annex 1C: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights


Annex 2: Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes


(C) Plurilateral Trade Agreements


Annex 4: Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft

Agreement on Government Procurement

International Dairy Agreement

International Bovine Meat Agreement


The applicability of this Understanding to the Plurilateral Trade Agreements shall be subject to the adoption of a decision by the parties to each agreement setting out the terms for the application of the Understanding to the individual agreement, including any special or additional rules or procedures for inclusion in Appendix 2, as notified to the DSB.
APPENDIX 2


SPECIAL OR ADDITIONAL RULES AND PROCEDURES


CONTAINED IN THE COVERED AGREEMENTS



Agreement Rules and Procedures


Agreement on the Application of Sanitary

and Phytosanitary Measures 11.2


Agreement on Textiles and Clothing 2.14, 2.21, 4.4, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, 6.9,

6.10, 6.11, 8.1 through 8.12


Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 14.2 through 14.4, Annex 2


Agreement on Implementation of Article VI

of GATT 1994 17.4 through 17.7


Agreement on Implementation of Article VII

of GATT 1994 19.3 through 19.5, Annex II.2(f), 3, 9, 21


Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures 4.2 through 4.12, 6.6, 7.2 through 7.10, 8.5,

footnote 35, 24.4, 27.7, Annex V


General Agreement on Trade in Services XXII:3, XXIII:3

Annex on Financial Services 4

Annex on Air Transport Services 4


Decision on Certain Dispute Settlement

Procedures for the GATS 1 through 5



The list of rules and procedures in this Appendix includes provisions where only a part of the provision may be relevant in this context.


Any special or additional rules or procedures in the Plurilateral Trade Agreements as determined by the competent bodies of each agreement and as notified to the DSB.




APPENDIX 3


WORKING PROCEDURES



l. In its proceedings the panel shall follow the relevant provisions of this Understanding. In addition, the following working procedures shall apply.


2. The panel shall meet in closed session. The parties to the dispute, and interested parties, shall be present at the meetings only when invited by the panel to appear before it.


3. The deliberations of the panel and the documents submitted to it shall be kept confidential. Nothing in this Understanding shall preclude a party to a dispute from disclosing statements of its own positions to the public. Members shall treat as confidential information submitted by another Member to the panel which that Member has designated as confidential. Where a party to a dispute submits a confidential version of its written submissions to the panel, it shall also, upon request of a Member, provide a non-confidential summary of the information contained in its submissions that could be disclosed to the public.


4. Before the first substantive meeting of the panel with the parties, the parties to the dispute shall transmit to the panel written submissions in which they present the facts of the case and their arguments.


5. At its first substantive meeting with the parties, the panel shall ask the party which has brought the complaint to present its case. Subsequently, and still at the same meeting, the party against which the complaint has been brought shall be asked to present its point of view.


6. All third parties which have notified their interest in the dispute to the DSB shall be invited in writing to present their views during a session of the first substantive meeting of the panel set aside for that purpose. All such third parties may be present during the entirety of this session.


7. Formal rebuttals shall be made at a second substantive meeting of the panel. The party complained against shall have the right to take the floor first to be followed by the complaining party. The parties shall submit, prior to that meeting, written rebuttals to the panel.


8. The panel may at any time put questions to the parties and ask them for explanations either in the course of a meeting with the parties or in writing.


9. The parties to the dispute and any third party invited to present its views in accordance with Article 10 shall make available to the panel a written version of their oral statements.


10. In the interest of full transparency, the presentations, rebuttals and statements referred to in paragraphs 5 to 9 shall be made in the presence of the parties. Moreover, each party's written submissions, including any comments on the descriptive part of the report and responses to questions put by the panel, shall be made available to the other party or parties.


11. Any additional procedures specific to the panel.


12. Proposed timetable for panel work:


(a) Receipt of first written submissions of the parties:


(1) complaining Party: _______ 3-6 weeks

(2) Party complained against: _______ 2-3 weeks


(b) Date, time and place of first substantive meeting

with the parties; third party session: _______ 1-2 weeks


(c) Receipt of written rebuttals of the parties: _______ 2-3 weeks


(d) Date, time and place of second substantive

meeting with the parties: _______ 1-2 weeks


(e) Issuance of descriptive part of the report to the parties:_______ 2-4 weeks


(f) Receipt of comments by the parties on the

descriptive part of the report: _______ 2 weeks



(g) Issuance of the interim report, including the

findings and conclusions, to the parties:_______ 2-4 weeks


(h) Deadline for party to request review of part(s) of report: _______ 1 week


(i) Period of review by panel, including possible

additional meeting with parties: _______ 2 weeks


(j) Issuance of final report to parties to dispute: _______ 2 weeks


(k) Circulation of the final report to the Members: _______ 3 weeks



The above calendar may be changed in the light of unforeseen developments. Additional meetings with the parties shall be scheduled if required.




APPENDIX 4


EXPERT REVIEW GROUPS



The following rules and procedures shall apply to expert review groups established in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 13.


1. Expert review groups are under the panel's authority. Their terms of reference and detailed working procedures shall be decided by the panel, and they shall report to the panel.


2. Participation in expert review groups shall be restricted to persons of professional standing and experience in the field in question.


3. Citizens of parties to the dispute shall not serve on an expert review group without the joint agreement of the parties to the dispute, except in exceptional circumstances when the panel considers that the need for specialized scientific expertise cannot be fulfilled otherwise. Government officials of parties to the dispute shall not serve on an expert review group. Members of expert review groups shall serve in their individual capacities and not as government representatives, nor as representatives of any organization. Governments or organizations shall therefore not give them instructions with regard to matters before an expert review group.


4. Expert review groups may consult and seek information and technical advice from any source they deem appropriate. Before an expert review group seeks such information or advice from a source within the jurisdiction of a Member, it shall inform the government of that Member. Any Member shall respond promptly and fully to any request by an expert review group for such information as the expert review group considers necessary and appropriate.


5. The parties to a dispute shall have access to all relevant information provided to an expert review group, unless it is of a confidential nature. Confidential information provided to the expert review group shall not be released without formal authorization from the government, organization or person providing the information. Where such information is requested from the expert review group but release of such information by the expert review group is not authorized, a non-confidential summary of the information will be provided by the government, organization or person supplying the information.


6. The expert review group shall submit a draft report to the parties to the dispute with a view to obtaining their comments, and taking them into account, as appropriate, in the final report, which shall also be issued to the parties to the dispute when it is submitted to the panel. The final report of the expert review group shall be advisory only.
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Avviata la gara per la privatizzazione del cantiere navale croato 3. MAJ Rijeka 1905
Zagabria
L'importo a base d'asta è di 6,66 milioni di euro
Per decarbonizzarsi lo shipping dovrebbe unire le forze con altri settori hard-to-abate
Londra
Lo evidenzia un rapporto di Accelleron che ritiene necessaria una massa critica di domanda per superare una fase di stallo
COSCO rassicura i clienti sull'impatto delle nuove tariffe statunitensi a carico delle navi cinesi
Shanghai
Noi - ha assicurato la compagnia cinese - manterremo noli e soprannoli competitivi
Lo shipping è ancora lontano dall'obiettivo del 5-10% del fuel utilizzato proveniente da fonti scalabili a zero emissioni entro il 2030
Copenaghen
Sottolineata la necessità di introdurre incentivi
La spagnola Boluda acquisisce i servizi di trasporto merci ferroviario intermodale della Transfesa
Valencia
L'accordo include anche i servizi l'industria, le attività di manutenzione e manovra ferroviaria e i terminal intermodali
Til (gruppo MSC) diventerà azionista del porto container turco di Petkim
Til (gruppo MSC) diventerà azionista del porto container turco di Petkim
Baku
Accordo con il gruppo petrolifero azero SOCAR
Ricorso dei produttori di rimorchi di Germania e Austria contro il regolamento UE per ridurre l'impatto ambientale dei camion
Berlino/Bruxelles
Denunciano che la sua applicazione porta ad un aumento dei volumi di traffico e quindi delle emissioni
La stazione di Venezia Marghera è stata dotata di un binario conforme agli standard europei TEN-T
Venezia
Attivato un binario per treni merci da 740 metri
Il World Shipping Council presenta il Cargo Safety Program per prevenire gli incendi navali
Washington
Si basa sull'intelligenza artificiale e sulle tradizionali ispezioni alle merci
Rheinmetall entrerà nel settore della costruzione di navi militari acquisendo la Naval Vessels Lürssen
Brema
Il gruppo Lürssen si concentrerà sulla produzione di mega yacht
Il governo britannico investe mezzo miliardo di sterline per ridurre le emissioni dello shipping
Londra
Attesi investimenti da parte privata pari a 700 milioni
HMM sigla un nuovo contratto decennale con Vale per il trasporto di minerale di ferro
Seul
Ha un valore di circa 310 milioni di dollari
L'AdSP della Campania concorda con UNIPORT e Assiterminal
Napoli
La tassa regionale - evidenzia l'ente portuale - rischia di minare la competitività dei porti
IAPH e WCO pubblicano un aggiornamento delle linee guida sulla cooperazione fra autorità doganali e portuali
Tokyo/Bruxelles
Contribuiti dal World Shipping Council
Collaborazione fra ABB e Blykalla nel settore della propulsione navale nucleare
Stoccolma
L'accordo è incentrato sui piccoli reattori veloci modulari sviluppati dall'azienda svedese
Saipem si aggiudica un nuovo contratto offshore di circa 1,5 miliardi di dollari in Turchia
Saipem si aggiudica un nuovo contratto offshore di circa 1,5 miliardi di dollari in Turchia
Milano
È relativo alla terza fase del progetto di sviluppo del campo gas di Sakarya
Nel secondo trimestre il traffico delle merci nel porto di Civitavecchia è cresciuto del +5,7%
Civitavecchia
Record per questo periodo dei crocieristi
UNIPORT e Assiterminal contro i canoni aggiuntivi chiesti agli operatori portuali dalla Regione Campania
Roma
Importo compreso tra il 10% e al 25% del canone demaniale annuo
Arrivato a Segrate il primo treno dal Belgio nell'ambito dell'accordo FS Logistix - Lineas
Milano
Sono previsti cinque collegamenti andata e ritorno a settimana con Anversa
In corso i lavori di ammodernamento del terminal passeggeri del porto di Igoumenitsa
Napoli
Grimaldi prende in consegna la PCTC “Grand Auckland”
Danneggiamento di cavi sottomarini nel Mar Rosso
Portsmouth
Secondo l'International Cable Protection Committee, la causa potrebbe essere il traffico navale
L'olandese Damen costruirà 24 unità navali per la britannica Serco
Gorinchem/Amsterdam
Via libera al prestito ponte di 270 milioni di euro all'azienda navalmeccanica
DP World realizzerà e gestirà un container terminal nella nuova area portuale di Contrecœur a Montreal
Dubai/Montreal
Diventerà operativo nel 2030
Avviati i lavori di ampliamento del terminal intermodale di Vienna Sud
Vienna
Previsto un incremento del +44% della capacità di traffico annua
A luglio il traffico navale nel canale di Suez è aumentato del +0,8%
Il Cairo
Nei primi sette mesi del 2025 è stato registrato un calo del -10,2%
A luglio il traffico delle merci nei porti di Genova e Savona-Vado è diminuito del -3,0%
Genova
Flessione contenuta dall'aumento del traffico petrolifero nella rada di Vado. Calo del -9,9% dei traghetti
Trump nomina Laura DiBella presidente della Federal Maritime Commission
Washington
Trasmessa al Senato anche la nomina di Robert Harvey a commissario dell'agenzia federale
Nuova diga di Genova, approvata la variante per consentire di terminare i lavori entro fine 2027
Genova
Le opere di fase A e fase B verranno eseguite piuttosto che in sequenza
Assiterminal, semplificare e uniformare le procedure per i dragaggi per il recupero di competitività operativa dei porti
Raccomar Taranto, il rigassificatore promuoverebbe il rilancio del porto
Taranto
Melucci: ancora di salvezza per l'intero sistema portuale e per l'indotto economico della nostra città
In deciso rialzo i traffici delle merci e delle crociere nei porti della Sicilia orientale
Catania
Nel segmento dei container registrato un incremento del +27,9%
Joint venture di FS Logistix e Lineas per la gestione dell'Antwerp Mainhub Terminal
Anversa
Previsto un incremento dei servizi ferroviario tra Anversa e Milano
Attacco ad una product tanker nel Mar Rosso
Southampton
Un missile è caduto nei pressi della nave che non ha subito danni
Terminate le prove in mare per la nuova ro-pax GNV Virgo
Genova
Sarà la prima nave a gas naturale liquefatto della GNV
Nel primo semestre le vendite di container della Singamas sono diminuite del -10%
Hong Kong
Il prezzo medio di vendita è calato del -3,8%
Domani a Livorno giungerà la nuova nave ro-ro a due alberi Neoliner Origin
Vado Ligure
Ha una capacità di 1.200 metri lineari di rotabili
Concluso il rifinanziamento della capital structure del gruppo Setramar
Ravenna
Merli: tappa cruciale per il nostro percorso di crescita
Prorogato l'incarico a Liguori alla guida dell'AdSP di Trieste
Roma
Confermato nel ruolo di commissario straordinario dell'ente
Intesa per il completamento dei lavori di elettrificazione delle banchine del porto di Gioia Tauro
Gioia Tauro
Confermato l'investimento di 70 milioni di euro per portare a termine il progetto
Una delegazione della Maersk al container terminal del gruppo Grendi al Porto Canale di Cagliari
Milano
Al centro del confronto lo sviluppo dei traffici verso il Nord Africa
Porto di Livorno, le proteste per Gaza non blocchino l'operatività dello scalo
Livorno
I componenti dell'Organismo di partenariato hanno evidenziato la necessità che sia accessibile a tutte le navi
Geodis nomina Maurizio Bortolan come amministratore delegato per l'Italia
Milano
Coordinerà le tre linee di business Contract Logistics, Freight Forwarding e Road Transport
GNV, bene l'intesa con il terminalista siciliano Portitalia
Genova
Ha esclusivamente avuto ad oggetto - ha specificato la compagnia - una temporanea integrazione delle tariffe
A Roma due giornate di lavoro con ESPO su Mediterraneo e portualità europea
Roma
Incontri organizzati da Assoporti
Nel 2024 in Unione Europea sono stati sequestrati 112 milioni di articoli contraffatti
Bruxelles
Valore record stimato di 3,8 miliardi di euro
Scioperi e azioni di protesta nei porti, richiesta di informazioni del Garante
Roma
Richiesta di informazioni a prefetti, Autorità di Sistema Portuale e Capitanerie di Porto
Danaos Corporation ha ordinato a Dalian Shanhaiguan la costruzione di due portacontainer da 7.165 teu
Atene
Saranno prese in consegna nel terzo trimestre del 2027
Nel secondo trimestre il traffico delle merci sulla rete ferroviaria austriaca è calato del -1,4%
Vienna
In crescita il solo traffico nazionale
ALS (gruppo FBH) ha acquisito l'80% di Trans World Shipping e Moda Express of USA
Rozzano
Le due società hanno 500 dipendenti e sono attive in Italia, Francia, Regno Unito e Stati Uniti
Nella prima metà del 2025 i ricavi di Circle sono aumentati del +62,1%
Milano
Utile netto di oltre 1,0 milioni di euro (+1,8%)
Una delegazione ucraina ospitata dall'AdSP del Tirreno Settentrionale
Livorno
Cooperazione nel campo della formazione e sicurezza sul lavoro in porto
La BEI finanzia con 300 milioni di euro la fase A della nuova diga foranea di Genova
Lussemburgo
L'investimento complessivo è di 937 milioni di euro
Quest'estate le navi di GNV hanno trasportato 1,7 milioni di passeggeri (+9%)
Valencia
Nei prossimi giorni la compagnia prenderà in consegna "GNV Virgo", la prima nave alimentata a GNL
Presentato il progetto di ampliamento, messa in sicurezza e manutenzione di straordinaria del porto di Pozzallo
Pozzallo
Prevede la realizzazione del braccio di sottoflutto
Fincantieri consegna la nuova nave da crociera Star Princess alla Princess Cruises
Monfalcone
Ha una stazza lorda di 177.800 tonnellate e una capacità di 4.300 passeggeri
Il 2 ottobre a Milano un seminario sulla nuova legge sugli interporti
Milano
È organizzato dalla Camera di Commercio di Padova
Filt Cgil invita amministratori e imprese dei porti ad unirsi all'azione contro il massacro palestinese
Roma
Questo carico – ha evidenziato il sindacato - non può essere solo sulle spalle dei portuali
Rinnovato l'accordo tra la Fondazione Accademia Italiana Marina Mercantile e il Centro NATO della Spezia
Genova
Confermata la collaborazione siglata nel 2023
Fischer & Rechsteiner e Gimax International acquisiscono il ramo d'azienda Freight Forwarding della BCUBE
Genova
Il perfezionamento dell'operazione è previsto nei prossimi giorni
Fermerci delinea uno scenario drammatico del settore del trasporto ferroviario merci europeo
Roma
Rizzi: rischio concreto di un arretramento verso la modalità di trasporto esclusivamente stradale
Eni completa la cessione alla Vitol del 30% nel progetto Baleine in Costa d'Avorio
San Donato Milanese
Il giacimento è stato scoperto nel 2021 e la produzione è iniziata nel 2023
Sogedim attiva una nuova filiale a Modena
Mesero
Inizialmente l'attività sarà dedicata esclusivamente al traffico export UK per estendersi poi ad altri mercati europei
Nella flotta del gruppo Grimaldi è entrata la nuova PCTC Grande Svezia
Napoli
Ha una una capacità massima di 9.000 ceu
Il consiglio comunale di Cagliari approva il parere sul DPSS dei porti sardi
Cagliari
Via libera all'unanimità
Il settore ferroviario contribuisce all'1,4% del Pil dell'Unione Europea
Bruxelles
Studio commissionato dalla CER
Nel porto di Napoli la Guardia Costiera ha posto in stato di fermo la rinfusiera Tanais Dream
Napoli
Riscontrate gravi irregolarità a bordo
Accordo per accelerare l'implementazione della robotica nei processi produttivi di Fincantieri
Trieste
È stato sottoscritto con la friulana Idea Prototipi
Sergio Liardo è il nuovo comandante generale del Corpo delle Capitanerie di Porto - Guardia Costiera
Roma
Subentra all'ammiraglio Nicola Carlone
DBA fornirà il nuovo Terminal Operating System del porto georgiano di Batumi
Villorba
Il progetto comprende tutte le fasi di sviluppo, test e collaudo operativo
Attacco ad una nave nel Golfo di Aden
Portsmouth
Il comandante ha comunicato di aver sentito un impatto in acqua ed una esplosione
PROSSIME PARTENZE
Visual Sailing List
Porto di partenza
Porto di destinazione:
- per ordine alfabetico
- per nazione
- per zona geografica
Danilo Ricci è stato nominato managing director di Tarros Line
La Speziia
Ha ricoperto diversi incarichi in Italia e all'estero nell'ambito del gruppo
Tavolo di confronto permanente fra Confindustria Nautica e Federagenti
Genova
Lo prevede un accordo firmato oggi a Genova
Nel primo semestre del 2025 il traffico crocieristico nei porti italiani è cresciuto del +6%
Venezia
Il 24 ottobre a Catania si terrà la dodicesima edizione di Italian Cruise Day
SAL Heavy Lift compra due navi semi-sommergibili della Pan Ocean
Amburgo
Sono state costruite nel 2008 e nel 2012
Il 30% di Sangritana Cargo sarà acquisito dalla società marchigiana Transadriatico
L'Aquila
La cessione sarà portata a termine nei prossimi giorni
Il 6 ottobre a Lugano si terrà l'ottava edizione di “Un mare di Svizzera”
Lugano
Forum sull'integrazione economica e logistica fra porti liguri, area manifatturiera del Nord Ovest e Svizzera
DEME ordina una nuova nave posa-cavi alla singaporiana PaxOcean
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
Sarà costruita nel cantiere navale cinese di Zhoushan
Incontro di Assoporti a RemTech EXPO 2025 sulla transizione green nei porti italiani
Ferrara
Lo Smart Ports Award conferito a tre Autorità di Sistema Portuale
La prima spedizione di petrolio siriano in 14 anni arriva al porto di Trieste
Londra
Parte del carico - rende noto S&P Global Commodity Insights - sbarcato al terminal sardo di Sarroch
Ad agosto il traffico delle merci nel porto di Taranto è cresciuto del +20,3%
Taranto
Il traghetto “Drea” respinto anche dallo scalo portuale pugliese, dove però è in sosta temporanea
Stabile il traffico dei container nel porto di Los Angeles ad agosto
Los Angeles
Attesa una flessione dei volumi nella restante parte del 2025
Incontro fra le authority portuali di Jacksonville e Livorno
Livorno
Tra gli obiettivi, avviare uno o più servizi diretti tra i due scali portuali
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane ed ENAC siglano un accordo per l'uso di droni nel monitoraggio delle infrastrutture
Roma
Saranno utilizzati anche per sorvolare tratti di rete ferroviaria e stradale altrimenti difficili da monitorare
A.SPE.DO, il porto della Spezia è essenziale per assicurare occupazione, sviluppo e futuro all'economia locale
La Spezia
Landolfi: non possiamo permetterci di sottovalutarne il valore
Il MIT si confronta con i vertici delle AdSP italiane
Roma
Riunione sulla visione strategica del governo per il settore e sulla riforma portuale
Yang Ming ordina a Hanwha Ocean Co. la costruzione di sette portacontainer da 15.880 teu
Keelung
Saranno prese in consegna fra il 2028 e il 2029
Oltre 40 le manifestazioni d'interesse per lo sviluppo del porto ucraino di Chornomorsk
Kiev
Oggi la prima riunione della commissione di gara
Attesa a Ravenna la prima nave commerciale alla banchina pubblica in Largo Trattaroli
Ravenna
In arrivo la car carrier “AICC Huanghu”
Lo scorso mese il traffico dei container nel porto di Long Beach è diminuito del -1,3%
Long Beach
In crescita i contenitori vuoti. Calo di quelli pieni
In partenza il Terminal Road Show di Assiterminal
Genova
Cognolato: vogliamo rafforzare il legame con i territori e le comunità locali
Assoporti, l'offerta crocieristica dei porti italiani presentata alla fiera Seatrade Europe
Amburgo
Giampieri: siamo leader nell'area del Mediterraneo e in Europa
È deceduto il comandante Claudio Tomei, presidente USCLAC dal 2012 al 2024
Viareggio
Forte il suo impegno per migliorare le condizioni di lavoro dei marittimi italiani
Nel primo trimestre del 2025 il traffico delle merci nei porti della Grecia è cresciuto del +1,4%
Il Pireo
Passeggeri in calo del -1,1%
Ordine a HD Hyundai Samho per quattro nuove portacontainer
Seul
Commessa del valore di circa 468 milioni di dollari
Trieste, bancarotta fraudolenta nel settore della cantieristica navale
Trieste
Indagine nei confronti di una società con sede a Palermo
Ad agosto il traffico dei contenitori nel porto di Hong Kong è calato del -7,4%
Hong Kong
Nei primi otto mesi del 2025 la flessione è stata del -3,8%
BigLift Shipping e CY Shipping ordinano altre due navi heavy lift
Amsterdam
Commessa al cantiere navale cinese Jing Jiang Nanyang Shipbuilding Co.
Ad agosto è proseguita la flessione del traffico dei container nel porto di Singapore
Singapore
Il volume totale delle merci è cresciuto del +1,1%
Il traghetto Charthage è stato sottoposto a fermo amministrativo nel porto di Genova
Genova
Un'ispezione della Guardia Costiera ha riscontrato numerose deficienze
Rinviato di tre mesi il debutto della più grande nave della Disney Cruise Line
Lake Buena Vista
Ritardi nella costruzione costringono a posticipare il viaggio inaugurale al prossimo 10 marzo
Shell fornirà biometano liquefatto alle portacontainer della Hapag-Lloyd
Amburgo
Accordo in vigore con effetto immediato
Andrea Zoratti è stato nominato direttore generale di Hub Telematica
Genova
La società è controllata da Assagenti e Spediporto
Accordo Jotun - Messina per il miglioramento delle prestazioni ambientali e commerciali delle navi
Genova
La nave “Jolly Rosa” utilizzerà la soluzione Hull Skating Solutions
PSA Genova Pra' annuncia l'assunzione di 25 persone dedicate alla movimentazione dei container
Genova
Ferrari: i mercati internazionali sono profondamente cambiati
CMA CGM non applicherà surcharge per le nuove tasse USA sulle navi cinesi e sui servizi cinesi
Marsiglia
Dal 14 ottobre saranno applicate le tariffe annunciate ad aprile dall'USTR
Ordini alla sudcoreana HJ Shipbuilding per quattro portacontainer da 8.850 teu
Busan
Commesse del valore complessivo di circa 461 milioni di dollari
Convegno “Attese e ritardi per l'autotrasporto: la logistica finisce sotto scacco”
Genova
Organizzato da Trasportounito, si terrà il 26 settembre a Genova
GNV ha inaugurato una nuova sede a Barcellona
Barcellona
Attualmente la compagnia ha 52 dipendenti in tutta la Spagna
Porto di Trieste, finanziamenti dall'UE per due nuovi progetti
Trieste
Risorse del valore complessivo di 1,7 milioni di euro
Filt Cgil, grave quanto accaduto a Flotilla. Pronti a mobilitare i portuali
Roma
Il sindacato annuncia azioni se non si permetterà agli aiuti di raggiungere Gaza
Stena Line comprerà l'operatore portuale lettone Terrabalt
Göteborg
Movimenta traffici di rotabili, rinfuse e merci varie nel porto di Liepaja
Nei primi otto mesi del 2025 il traffico dei container nel porto di Gioia Tauro è cresciuto del +10,6%
Gioia Tauro
Sono stati movimentati 2.912.943 teu
Meyer Turku avvia la costruzione della quarta nave da crociera di classe “Icon” della Royal Caribbean
Miami/Turku
Sarà consegnata nel 2027
Più di una spedizione marittima su dieci presenza carenze
Washington
Lo rileva un rapporto del World Shipping Council che evidenzia i rischi per la sicurezza
Lo scorso luglio il traffico nel porto di Ravenna è aumentato del +3,8%
Ravenna
Nei primi sette mesi del 2025 la crescita è stata del +5,4%
Nel primo trimestre del 2025 il traffico delle merci nei porti belgi è calato del -3,2%
Bruxelles
Sbarchi in diminuzione del -1,3% e imbarchi in flessione del 5,4%
La product tanker High Fidelity salva 38 migranti su un gommone alla deriva
Roma
Intervento a sud dell'isola di Creta
Accordo GES - RINA per la realizzazione del prototipo di una nuova batteria a idrogeno
Rovereto/Genova
Inaugurato l'avvio della seconda fase del container terminal di PSA nel porto di Mumbai
Singapore
La capacità di traffico annua salirà a 4,8 milioni di teu
A Palermo il convegno “EU ETS - Prospettive e opportunità per la decarbonizzazione nel settore marittimo”
Roma
Si terrà il 18 e 19 settembre
PORTI
Porti italiani:
Ancona Genova Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Livorno Taranto
Cagliari Napoli Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venezia
Interporti italiani: elenco Porti del mondo: mappa
BANCA DATI
ArmatoriRiparatori e costruttori navali
SpedizionieriProvveditori e appaltatori navali
Agenzie marittimeAutotrasportatori
MEETINGS
Il 2 ottobre a Milano un seminario sulla nuova legge sugli interporti
Milano
È organizzato dalla Camera di Commercio di Padova
Il 6 ottobre a Lugano si terrà l'ottava edizione di “Un mare di Svizzera”
Lugano
››› Archivio
RASSEGNA STAMPA
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Archivio
FORUM dello Shipping
e della Logistica
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› Archivio
Fincantieri e PGZ firmano un accordo per sostenere l'ammodernamento della Marina Militare polacca
Trieste
Varato a Castellammare il troncone della terza LSS per Chantiers de l'Atlantique
Negli USA taglio dei fondi destinati a progetti per lo sviluppo dell'energia eolica nei porti
Washington
Risorse per 679 milioni di dollari saranno ridistribuite per ammodernamenti delle infrastrutture portuali
Dal primo gennaio Kombiverkehr gestirà il terminal intermodale di PKV nel porto di Duisburg
Francoforte sul Meno
Ha una capacità di traffico di circa 200mila unità intermodali all'anno
Wallenius Marine e ABB costituiscono la joint venture Oversea
Stoccolma
Lo scopo è accelerare il lancio dell'omonima piattaforma per il miglioramento delle prestazioni delle flotte
Il MIT ha chiesto alla Regione l'intesa per la nomina di Bagalà a presidente dell'AdSP della Sardegna
Roma
Attualmente è commissario straordinario dello stesso ente
DHL eCommerce ha acquisito una quota di minoranza nella saudita AJEX Logistics Services
Bonn/Riyadh
La società mediorientale ha duemila dipendenti
Nel secondo trimestre i terminal portuali di CMPort hanno movimentato un traffico dei container record
Hong Kong
Nei primi sei mesi del 2025 il totale è stato di 78,8 milioni di teu (+4,3%)
Confitarma, bene il decreto sull'addestramento avanzato dei marittimi del comparto cisterniero
Roma
Plauso al Comando Generale del Corpo delle Capitanerie di Porto
In crescita il traffico trimestrale delle merci nei porti marocchini
Tangeri/Casablanca
A Tanger Med la crescita è stata del +17%
Rinnovato il consiglio di amministrazione della genovese Ente Bacini
Genova
Presidente Alessandro Arvigo e Maurizio Anselmo amministratore delegato
- Via Raffaele Paolucci 17r/19r - 16129 Genova - ITALIA
tel.: 010.2462122, fax: 010.2516768, e-mail
Partita iva: 03532950106
Registrazione Stampa 33/96 Tribunale di Genova
Direttore responsabile Bruno Bellio
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