Quotidiano indipendente di economia e politica dei trasporti
01:40 GMT+2
Nel 2003 il traffico marittimo mondiale è cresciuto del 3,7% a 6,17 miliardi di tonnellate
La movimentazione container nei porti ha raggiunto la quota record di 266,3 milioni di teu (+9,2%). La capacità della flotta mondiale è cresciuta dell'1,5% a 857,0 milioni di tpl
11 febbraio 2005
, contro una crescita dell'1,0% nel 2002. La progressione - rileva il "Review of Maritime Transport, 2004" diffuso oggi dall'UNCTAD - è stata determinata principalmente dalle positive performance economiche di Stati Uniti, Giappone, Cina e - in misura minore - Europa.
La maggior quota delle esportazioni mondiali per via marittima spetta alle nazioni asiatiche con il 37,2%, seguite dall'Europa con il 25,1%; Nord America e le nazioni in via di sviluppo del continente americano hanno totalizzato il 20,7% delle esportazioni mondiali, mentre le quote di Africa e Oceania si sono attestate rispettivamente a 8,9% e 8,0%.
Il rapporto rileva come il 2003 sia stato un anno positivo per gli armatori che operano flotte cisterniere, così come per quelli che operano portarinfuse e portacontainer, e questo trend è proseguito nel 2004. Viene inoltre sottolineato il significativo ruolo delle nazioni asiatiche nel settore del trasporto marittimo: i Paesi dell'area hanno fornito circa la metà di tutti gli equipaggi mondiali, i due terzi degli operatori portuali, l'83% delle costruzioni di portacontainer e il 99% delle demolizioni navali. Ventotto delle 50 maggiori compagnie di navigazione del mondo risultavano avere sede in Asia.
L'Asia riveste un ruolo di primo piano anche nella distribuzione dei flussi di traffici marittimi containerizzati, e si prevede - osserva il rapporto - che tale ruolo sia proseguito nel 2004 e prosegua nel 2005, quando il tasso di crescita dei traffici containerizzati del sud-est asiatico e del Far East sarà attestato a +11% grazie ai consistenti scambi intra-asiatici e alle esportazioni cinesi verso il Nord America e l'Europa.
Notevole l'importanza dei porti dell'Asia nello scacchiere dei traffici: nel 2003 i sei maggiori porti container mondiali e 20 dei primi 30 porti container mondiali erano asiatici. Nel 2003 i più elevati tassi di crescita sono stati registrati nei porti cinesi, e in particolare a Shanghai e Shenzhen, dove il traffico dei container è aumentato rispettivamente del 31% e del 40%.
Nel 2003 la quota del traffico marittimo mondiale relativa alle nazioni in via di sviluppo è diminuita: queste nazioni hanno rappresentato il 48,2% di tutti gli imbarchi di merci e il 29,7% degli sbarchi, contro rispettivamente il 48,8% e il 30,9% del 2002. In calo anche la quota delle nazioni asiatiche in via di sviluppo, dove le merci imbarcate e sbarcate sono state pari rispettivamente al 28,9% e 20,7%. Per le nazioni in via di sviluppo dell'Africa la quota di merci imbarcate è scesa al 6,5%, quella di merci sbarcate è diminuita a 3,2%. La quota di traffici marittimi delle nazioni in via di sviluppo del continente americano è calata rispetto al 2002, scendendo al 12,3% per le merci imbarcate e al 5,4% per quelle sbarcate.
Nel 2003 i carichi cisternieri sono cresciuti complessivamente del 3,4%, quelli di rinfuse secche hanno registrato un incremento del 3,8%. Nel settore dei traffici di linea, la movimentazione container nei porti è aumentata del 9,2% raggiungendo la quota record di 266,3 milioni di teu.
Nel 2003 la capacità della flotta mondiale è cresciuta dell'1,5% a 857,0 milioni di tonnellate di portata lorda. Nel corso dell'anno sono state consegnate nuove navi per complessive 49,2 milioni di tpl, con un incremento di 0,2 milioni di tpl rispetto al 2002, e le demolizioni e le navi perdute sono ammontate a 25,6 milioni di tpl, contro 30,5 milioni di tpl nel 2002. Petroliere e rinfusiere rappresentavano il 72,9% della capacità della flotta mondiale, le portacontainer il 10,6%.
La produttività della flotta mondiale, in termini di tonnellate di merce trasportata per tonnellata di portata lorda, è cresciuta a 7,2, contro 7,0 nel 2002.
Development of international seaborne trade, selected yearsa (goods loaded)
Year
Tanker cargo
Dry cargo
Total (all goods)
Total
of which: main bulk commoditiesb
Million tons
% change
million tons
% change
million tons
% change
million tons
% change
1970
1442
1124
448
2566
1980
1871
1833
796
3704
1990
1755
2253
968
4008
1999
2068
-0.6
3604
1.9
1196
2.2
5672
1.0
2000
2163
4.6
3709
2.9
1288
7.7
5872
3.5
2001
2174
0.5
3717
0.2
1331
3.3
5891
0.3
2002
2129
-2.1
3819
2.8
1352
1.6
5948
1.0
2003c
2203
3.4
3965
3.8
1475
9.1
6168
3.7
Source:
Estimated by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of annex II and data supplied by specialized sources.
a
Includes international cargoes loaded at ports of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence system for unloading at ports of the same system.
b
Iron ore, grain, coal, bauxite/alumina and phosphate.
c
Estimates.
World seaborne trade a in 1970, 1980, 1990 and 1999-2003, by types of cargo and country groupsb
Country group Year
Goods loaded
Goods unloaded
Oil
Dry cargo
Total all goods
Oil
Dry cargo
Total all goods
Crude
Productsc
Crude
Productsc
Trade in millions of tons
World total
1970
1109
232
1162
2504
1101
298
1131
2529
1980
1527
344
1833
3704
1530
326
1823
3679
1990
1287
468
2253
4008
1315
466
2365
4126
1999
1577
496
3593
5666
1552
546
3762
5860
2000
1665
498
3709
5872
1720
550
3979
6249
2001
1678
497
3717
5891
1702
552
3913
6167
2002
1629
500
3819
5948
1713
550
4014
6276
2003
1686
517
3965
6168
1787
550
4122
6460
Percentage share of trade by country groups
World total
1970
42.6
12.7
44.7
100.0
43.5
11.9
44.6
100.0
1980
41.2
9.3
49.5
100.0
41.6
8.9
49.5
100.0
1990
32.1
11.7
56.2
100.0
31.9
10.8
57.3
100.0
1999
27.8
8.8
63.4
100.0
26.5
9.3
64.2
100.0
2000
28.4
8.5
63.2
100.0
27.5
8.8
63.7
100.0
2001
28.5
8.4
63.1
100.0
27.6
8.9
63.4
100.0
2002
27.4
8.4
64.2
100.0
27.3
8.8
63.9
100.0
2003
27.3
8.4
64.3
100.0
27.7
8.5
63.8
100.0
DMECs
1970
2.0
27.1
60.0
31.1
80.4
79.6
79.1
79.9
1980
6.3
25.5
64.7
37.0
72.0
79.5
67.8
70.5
1990
13.4
32.6
63.4
43.8
72.5
81.4
61.7
67.3
1999
5.4
21.6
59.9
41.4
71.5
50.8
62.1
63.5
2000
5.2
22.2
60.1
41.3
68.6
51.2
60.3
61.8
2001
5.3
21.7
59.3
40.8
68.9
50.7
59.6
61.4
2002
5.5
21.6
58.4
40.8
68.5
51.1
58.0
60.3
2003
5.4
22.1
58.4
40.9
68.8
50.8
58.8
60.9
Central and Eastern Europed
1970
3.4
8.0
6.9
5.6
1.2
1.0
3.8
2.3
1980
3.6
14.6
5.2
5.4
2.3
0.4
6.0
4.0
1990
4.6
11.8
3.8
5.0
2.6
0.3
5.8
4.1
1999
3.8
4.8
5.1
4.7
1.6
0.4
1.3
1.3
2000
5.5
8.9
4.2
5.0
0.5
0.4
1.9
1.4
2001
5.4
8.1
4.1
4.8
0.5
0.7
1.9
1.4
2002
5.6
8.4
4.3
5.0
0.6
0.5
1.9
1.4
2003
6.9
8.5
4.2
5.3
0.6
0.6
1.9
1.4
Socialist countries of Asiae
1970
-
-
1.2
0.5
0.5
0.1
2.0
1.2
1980
1.4
1.7
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
4.0
2.7
1990
2.7
0.9
2.0
2.0
0.3
0.3
3.4
2.1
1999
1.1
1.2
5.5
3.9
2.4
4.7
5.8
4.8
2000
1.0
1.1
6.7
4.6
4.1
4.1
7.3
6.1
2001
1.0
1.1
7.2
4.9
3.6
4.8
8.0
6.5
2002
1.1
2.1
7.6
5.4
4.1
4.6
9.3
7.4
2003
1.1
2.2
8.0
5.6
5.0
5.0
9.7
8.0
Developing countries
1970
94.6
64.9
31.9
62.8
17.9
19.4
15.1
16.6
1980
88.7
58.2
29.0
56.3
24.3
18.5
22.3
22.8
1990
79.6
54.7
30.8
49.2
24.6
18.0
29.1
26.5
1999
89.7
72.4
29.6
50.0
24.6
44.1
30.8
30.4
2000
88.3
67.8
29.0
49.1
26.8
44.4
30.6
30.8
2001
88.2
69.1
29.4
49.5
27.0
43.8
30.4
30.7
2002
87.8
67.9
29.6
48.8
26.9
43.7
30.8
30.9
2003
86.6
67.2
29.4
48.2
25.6
43.7
29.6
29.7
ofwhich:
Africa
1970
25.5
2.4
9.1
15.2
1.7
4.7
3.6
2.9
1980
19.0
1.5
5.6
10.8
4.0
2.9
4.7
4.2
1990
24.1
7.6
4.3
11.2
5.6
2.3
4.3
4.5
1999
17.6
7.9
2.1
6.9
1.0
3.1
3.7
3.0
2000
17.9
6.9
1.7
6.7
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
2001
17.8
7.0
1.7
6.7
3.0
3.1
3.5
3.3
2002
17.9
6.9
1.7
6.6
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.3
2003
17.8
7.0
1.6
6.5
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.2
Americas
1970
12.2
35.4
13.8
16.0
10.5
5.6
4.4
7.2
1980
12.4
28.4
13.2
14.3
13.3
4.9
5.4
8.7
1990
13.3
11.9
13.2
13.1
5.7
3.8
4.0
4.5
1999
16.1
18.8
10.9
13.1
5.6
11.5
4.6
5.5
2000
15.2
18.8
10.8
12.7
5.1
11.2
5.3
5.8
2001
15.2
19.0
11.0
12.9
5.2
10.9
5.1
5.6
2002
15.5
18.7
10.8
12.7
5.2
10.4
5.0
5.6
2003
14.5
17.9
10.7
12.3
5.0
10.4
4.9
5.4
Asia
1970
56.9
27.0
8.1
31.3
5.5
8.5
6.7
6.4
1980
57.3
28.1
9.7
31.0
6.9
9.8
12.0
9.7
1990
42.2
34.9
12.6
24.7
12.6
10.9
19.9
16.6
1999
55.7
45.3
16.1
29.7
17.6
28.1
22.0
21.4
2000
54.9
41.6
16.0
29.2
18.2
28.5
21.5
21.2
2001
55.0
42.5
16.2
29.4
18.5
28.3
21.4
21.2
2002
54.1
41.8
16.7
29.1
18.4
28.7
22.0
21.6
2003
54.0
41.9
16.6
28.9
17.4
28.6
21.0
20.7
Europe
1970
-
-
-
-
-
0.1
0.1
-
1980
-
-
-
-
-
0.2
-
-
1990
-
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.8
0.7
1999
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
2000
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
2001
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
2002
0.0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
2003
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
Oceania
1970
-
0.1
0.8
0.4
-
0.5
0.3
0.2
1980
-
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.2
0.2
1990
-
0.1
0.4
0.2
-
0.5
0.1
0.2
1999
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0
1.1
0.1
0.2
2000
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
1.1
0.1
0.2
2001
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
1.1
0.1
0.2
2002
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
1.1
0.1
0.2
2003
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
1.1
0.1
0.2
Source:
Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data supplied by reporting countries and other specialized sources.
a
Includes international cargoes loaded at ports of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence system for unloading at ports of the same system.
b
See annex I for the composition of these groups, and note d thereto regarding the recording of trade of landlocked countries. Since 1986, Yugoslavia, previously included among the "developed market-economy countries", has been included in the group of "developing countries in Europe".
c
Includes liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), naphtha, gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, light oil, heavy fuel oil and others.
d
Includes the former Soviet Union in data for 1970 and 1980.
e
Estimates.
World seaborne trade in ton-miles, selected years (billions of ton-miles)
Year
Oil
Iron ore
Coal
Graina
Five main dry bulks
Other dry cargoes
World Total
Crude
Products
Crude plus products
1970
5597
890
6487
1093
481
475
2049
2118
10654
1975
8882
845
9727
1471
621
734
2826
2810
15363
1980
8385
1020
9405
1613
952
1087
3652
3720
16777
1985
4007
1150
5157
1675
1479
1004
4480
3428
13065
1990
6261
1560
7821
1978
1849
1073
5259
4041
17121
1995
7225
1945
9170
2287
2176
1160
5953
5065
20188
2000
8180
2085
10265
2545
2509
1244
6638
6113
23016
2001
8074
2105
10179
2575
2552
1322
6782
6280
23241
2002
7848
2050
9898
2731
2549
1241
6879
6440
23217
2003a
8330
2155
10485
3030
2700
1335
7429
6675
24589
Source:
Fearnleys, Review 2003.
a
Includes wheat, maize, barley, oats, rye, sorghum and soya beans.
World fleet size by principal types of vessel, 2002-2004a (beginning-of-year figures, in thousands of dwt)
Principal types
2002
2003
2004
Percentage change 2003/2004
Oil tankers
285519
304396
316759
4.1
34.6
36.1
37.0
Bulk carriers
294588
300131
307661
2.5
35.7
35.5
35.9
Ore/bulk/oil
14456
12612
12110
-4.0
1.8
1.5
1.4
Ore/bulk
280132
287519
295551
2.8
33.9
34.1
34.5
General cargo ships
99872
97185
94768
-2.5
12.1
11.5
11.1
Containerships
77095
82793
90462
9.3
9.3
9.8
10.6
Other types of ships
68578
59730
47324
-20.8
8.3
7.1
5.5
Liquefied gas carriers
19074
19469
20947
7.6
2.3
2.3
2.4
Chemical tankers
7974
8027
8004
-0.3
1.0
0.9
0.9
Miscellaneous tankers
785
906
947
4.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
Ferries and passengers ships
5319
5495
5561
1.2
0.6
0.6
0.6
Other
35426
25833
11865
-54.1
4.3
3.1
1.4
World total
825652
844235
856974
1.5
100.00
100.00
100.00
Source:
Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data supplied by Lloyd's Register - Fairplay.
a
Percentage shares are shown in italics.
Age distribution of the world merchant fleet, by types of vessel, as of 1 January 2004 (percentage of total dwt)
Country grouping
Types of vessel
0-4 years
5-9 years
10-14
years
15-19 years
20 years and over
Average age (years) 2003a
Average age (years) 2002 a
World total
All ships
22.4
21.6
16.1
12.1
27.7
12.5
12.6
Tankers
28.2
20.8
21.0
11.0
18.9
10.9
11.6
Bulk carriers
19.2
23.8
13.9
14.5
28.7
12.9
12.7
General cargo
7.8
14.4
10.3
13.5
53.9
17.4
17.0
Containerships
32.3
30.5
15.1
9.5
12.6
9.2
9.1
All others
15.9
13.7
12.9
7.8
49.8
15.8
16.0
Developed market-economy countries
All ships
27.6
23.8
16.4
12.4
19.7
10.9
11.7
Tankers
35.6
23.9
18.7
10.8
11.0
9.0
10.5
Bulk carriers
17.6
25.1
14.1
17.0
26.1
12.8
13.1
General cargo
17.6
19.8
14.0
13.9
34.7
13.9
13.7
Containerships
34.2
29.5
15.5
10.6
10.2
8.8
8.7
All others
17.6
17.3
14.8
9.7
40.7
14.5
14.7
Major open-registry countries
All ships
23.7
23.0
16.7
11.8
24.9
11.9
12.1
Tankers
27.3
20.5
23.1
10.9
18.2
10.9
11.6
Bulk carriers
21.7
25.1
13.3
13.4
26.5
12.3
12.0
General cargo
7.5
20.7
11.8
16.2
43.6
16.0
15.8
Containerships
34.5
29.1
14.6
9.1
12.7
9.0
9.1
All others
17.9
14.3
11.5
2.9
53.3
15.8
16.0
Subtotal
All ships
25.1
23.3
16.6
12.0
23.0
11.6
11.9
Tankers
30.8
21.9
21.3
10.9
15.2
10.1
11.2
Bulk carriers
20.7
25.1
13.5
14.3
26.4
12.4
12.2
General cargo
11.5
20.4
12.7
15.3
40.1
15.2
15.0
Containerships
34.4
29.3
14.9
9.8
11.6
8.9
9.0
All others
17.7
15.9
13.2
6.5
46.6
15.1
15.3
Countries of Central and Eastern Europe
All ships
1.6
2.9
6.6
18.0
70.8
20.7
20.1
Tankers
4.9
3.4
1.6
15.8
74.4
20.7
20.4
Bulk carriers
0.0
0.0
0.2
17.5
82.3
22.3
20.6
General cargo
1.1
3.2
9.0
17.2
69.5
20.6
20.2
Containerships
0.0
19.1
12.5
27.0
41.4
17.2
15.9
All others
1.2
2.2
13.3
21.5
61.8
20.0
19.6
Socialist countries of Asia
All ships
10.4
8.8
12.0
13.1
55.7
17.6
16.7
Tankers
17.4
7.5
18.1
15.5
41.5
15.4
16.3
Bulk carriers
6.7
12.5
8.8
11.4
60.5
18.2
17.2
General cargo
3.1
4.8
4.8
11.1
76.2
20.8
20.6
Containerships
23.1
9.5
25.8
17.7
23.9
12.9
13.4
All others
17.4
7.5
18.1
15.5
41.5
15.4
16.3
Developing countries (excluding open-registry countries)
All ships
20.6
20.2
16.3
12.0
30.9
13.1
13.5
Tankers
27.2
19.5
19.8
11.0
22.5
11.4
12.5
Bulk carriers
17.6
21.9
17.0
15.7
27.8
13.1
12.8
General cargo
6.2
10.5
8.1
10.8
64.4
18.8
19.1
Containerships
28.9
40.0
12.9
5.7
12.4
8.8
8.7
All others
14.1
8.5
12.3
9.1
55.9
17.0
17.5
Source:
Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data supplied by Lloyd's Register - Fairplay.
a
To calculate the average age, it has been assumed that the ages of vessels are distributed evenly between the lower and upper limits of each age group. For the 20-years-and-over age group, the mid-point has been assumed to be 23.5 years.
Deliveries of newbuildings, selected years
Year
Oil tankersa
Combined carriersa
Dry bulk carriersa
Othersb
Total
No. of vessels
Million dwt
No. of vessels
Million dwt
No. of vessels
Million dwt
No. of vessels
Million dwt
No. of vessels
Million dwt
1980
99
7.0
4
0.4
135
4.7
548
6.0
786
18.0
1985
72
3.9
10
0.7
339
14.7
529
5.0
950
25.0
1990
81
8.7
0
0.0
119
9.6
523
4.0
723
23.0
1997
69
7.5
3
0.3
299
18.8
696
10.2
1067
36.8
1998
120
12.6
0
0.0
217
11.6
704
11.1
1041
35.3
1999
161
19.1
4
0.4
195
13.0
585
8.4
940
40.5
2000
154
20.8
0
0.0
188
13.1
1202
10.5
1544
44.4
2001
112
14.4
0
0.0
310
21.0
1048
9.8
1470
45.2
2002
182
23.4
0
0.0
226
14.1
1131
11.5
1539
49.0
2003c
293
30.7
2
0.2
177
12.1
1235
6.2
1707
49.2
Source:
Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data from Fearnleys, Review 2003.
a
Vessels over 10,000 dwt.
b
Sea-going, cargo-carrying vessels of over 1,000 gross registered tons (grt).
c
Provisional.
The 35 most important maritime countries and territories as of 1 January 2004a
Country of domicileb
Number of vessels
Deadweight tonnage
National flagc
Foreign flag
Total
National flagc
Foreign flag
Total
Foreign flag as a % of total
Total as a % of world total
Greece
751
2361
3112
50159627
107179349
157338976
68.12
20.26
Japan
732
2216
2948
13054209
97036098
110090307
88.14
14.17
Norway
840
813
1653
21828640
29926150
51754790
57.82
6.66
Germany
307
2161
2468
6739997
42247135
48987132
86.24
6.31
China
1627
788
2415
24206132
23195756
47401888
48.93
6.10
United States
592
948
1540
10587584
35240739
45828323
76.90
5.90
Hong Kong (China)
254
238
492
15375679
15507833
30883512
50.21
3.98
Republic of Korea
485
380
865
8584810
16651656
25236466
65.98
3.25
Singapore
449
291
740
11703683
11574617
23278300
49.72
3.00
Taiwan Province of China
111
426
537
5199044
17678913
22877957
77.27
2.95
United Kingdom
391
392
783
9192550
10430365
19622915
53.15
2.53
Russian Federation
2142
391
2533
8317313
8507445
16824758
50.57
2.17
Denmark
323
338
661
8606789
7685160
16291949
47.17
2.10
Italy
531
121
652
8785816
3674335
12460151
29.49
1.60
India
353
45
398
10919675
1470437
12390112
11.87
1.60
Saudi Arabia
50
76
126
908754
11175137
12083891
92.48
1.56
Malaysia
262
73
335
5985287
3782960
9768247
38.73
1.26
Iran, Islamic Republic of
147
9
156
8232477
505645
8738122
5.79
1.12
Turkey
405
171
576
6471308
2210446
8681754
25.46
1.12
Switzerland
14
267
281
770220
7788365
8558585
91.00
1.10
Netherlands
549
196
745
3785658
3524525
7310183
48.21
0.94
Belgium
43
122
165
1192165
5197185
6389350
81.34
0.82
Canada
219
104
323
2584240
3330933
5915173
56.31
0.76
Sweden
162
157
319
1460911
4374954
5835865
74.97
0.75
Philippines
313
37
350
4455395
1073077
5528472
19.41
0.71
Brazil
140
11
151
3823338
1609053
5432391
29.62
0.70
France
154
103
257
2607750
2358553
4966303
47.49
0.64
Spain
80
255
335
232358
4675988
4908346
95.27
0.63
Indonesia
515
101
616
3362462
1282311
4644773
27.61
0.60
Cyprus
41
68
109
1061970
2519319
3581289
70.35
0.46
Kuwait
32
0
32
3359448
0
3359448
0.00
0.43
Monaco
0
95
95
0
3032474
3032474
100.00
0.39
Australia
46
42
88
1383636
1455419
2839055
51.26
0.37
Thailand
221
33
254
1895071
298436
2193507
13.61
0.28
Ukraine
298
91
389
1077447
1105126
2182573
50.63
0.28
Total (35 countries)
13579
13920
27499
267911443
489305894
757217337
64.62
97.49
World total
14840
14951
29791
276166653
500564528
776731181
64.45
100.00
Source:
Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data supplied by Lloyd's Register - Fairplay.
a
Vessels of 1,000 grt and above, excluding the United States Reserve Fleet and the United States and Canadian Great Lakes fleets.
b
The country of domicile indicates where the controlling interest (i.e. parent company) of the fleet is located. In several cases, determining this has required certain judgements to be made. Thus, for instance, Greece is shown as the country of domicile for vessels owned by a Greek owner with representative offices in New York, London and Piraeus, although the owner may be domiciled in the United States.
c
Includes vessels flying the national flag but registered in territorial dependencies or associated self-governing territories. For the United Kingdom, British flag vessels are included under the national flag, except for Bermuda.
Estimated cargo flows along major trades routes (millions of TEU)
Year
Trans-Pacific
Europe-Asia
Transatlantic
Asia-USA
USA-Asia
Europe-Asia
Asia-Europe
USA-Europe
Europe-USA
2002
8.81
3.90
3.94
6.13
1.50
2.59
2003
10.19
4.12
4.00
7.06
1.58
2.56
% change
15.7
5.6
1.5
15.2
5.3
-1.0
Source:
Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat from Containerisation International, several issues.
Container port traffic of 50 developing countries and territories in 2002, 2001 and 2000 (TEUs)
Country or territory
TEUs 2002
TEUs 2001
TEUs 2000
% change 2002/2001
% change 2001/2000
Hong Kong (China)
19140000
17900000
18100000
6.9
-1.1
Singapore
16800000
15520000
17040000
8.2
-8.9
Republic of Korea
11542733
9827221
9030174
17.5
8.8
Malaysia
7541725
6224913
4642428
21.2
34.1
United Arab Emirates
5872244
5081964
5055801
15.6
0.5
Indonesia
4539884
3901761
3797948
16.4
2.7
Thailand
3800929
3387071
3178779
12.2
6.6
Philippines
3270796
3090952
3031548
5.8
2.0
India
3242989
2764757
2450656
17.3
12.8
Brazil
2923120
2323801
2413098
25.8
-3.7
Saudi Arabia
1930051
1676991
1502893
15.1
11.6
Sri Lanka
1764717
1726605
1732855
2.2
-0.4
Mexico
1561929
1358136
1315701
15.0
3.2
Oman
1415498
1331686
1161549
6.3
14.6
Malta
1288775
1205764
1082235
6.9
11.4
Panama
1248369
2376045
2369681
-47.5
0.3
Egypt
1233133
1708990
1625601
-27.8
5.1
Chile
1147172
1080545
1253131
6.2
-13.8
Venezuela
1078000
924119
674558
16.7
37.0
Jamaica
1065000
983400
765977
8.3
28.4
Pakistan
965610
878892
159919
9.9
449.6
Bahamas
860000
570000
572224
50.9
-0.4
Iran, Islamic Republic of
808821
618195
415382
30.8
48.8
Colombia
603070
577041
791588
4.5
-27.1
Côte d'Ivoire
579055
543846
434422
6.5
25.2
Argentina
500171
663811
1144834
-24.7
-42.0
Ecuador
462509
414355
414104
11.6
0.1
Dominican Republic
430561
487827
566479
-11.7
-13.9
Yemen
388436
377367
248177
2.9
52.1
Trinidad and Tobago
385233
352758
282487
9.2
24.9
Morocco
375837
346724
328808
8.4
5.4
Guatemala
360161
322136
495809
11.8
-35.0
Algeria
338152
311111
267530
8.7
16.3
Lebanon
298876
299400
n.a.
-0.2
n.a.
Uruguay
292962
301641
287298
-2.9
5.0
Jordan
277307
241037
n.a.
15.0
n.a.
Ghana
270878
221468
n.a.
22.3
n.a.
Syrian Arab Republic
257586
222698
n.a.
15.7
n.a.
Cyprus
233400
235100
257020
-0.7
-8.5
Cuba
214760
258264
185055
-16.8
39.6
Mauritius
198177
161574
157420
22.7
2.6
Djibouti
178405
147908
157990
20.6
-6.4
Senegal
164341
136076
133325
20.8
2.1
Reunion
162636
159006
154394
2.3
3.0
United Republic of Tanzania
149223
135632
133660
10.0
1.5
Martinique
146771
140034
140062
4.8
0.0
Cameroon
146737
139587
n.a.
5.1
n.a.
Guam
140990
140158
132689
0.6
5.6
Sudan
126236
120701
94182
4.6
28.2
Slovenia
114863
93187
85742
23.3
8.7
Total
102838828
94012255
90265213
9.4
4.2
Other reporteda
738828
722544
356078
2.3
102.9
Total reportedb
103577656
94734799
90621291
9.3
4.5
World total
266337242
243814545
231689448
9.2
5.2
Source:
Derived from information contained in Containerisation International Yearbook 2003 and from information obtained by the UNCTAD secretariat directly from terminal operators and port authorities.
a
Comprises developing countries and territories where less than 95,000 TEUs per year were reported or where a substantial lack of data was noted.
b
Certain ports did not respond to the background survey. While they were not among the largest ports, total omissions may be estimated at 5 to 10 per cent.
Top 20 container terminals and their throughput, 2003-2001 (millions of TEUs and percentage change)
Port
TEUs 2003
TEUs 2002
TEUs 2001
2003/2002
2002/2001
Hong Kong (China)
20.82
19.14
17.80
8.78
7.53
Singapore
18.41
16.94
15.57
8.68
8.80
Shanghai
11.37
8.81
6.33
29.06
39.18
Shenzhen
10.7
7.61
5.08
40.60
49.80
Busan
10.37
9.45
8.07
9.74
17.10
Kaoshiung
8.81
8.49
7.54
3.77
12.60
Rotterdam
7.1
6.52
6.10
8.90
6.89
Los Angeles
6.61
6.11
5.18
8.18
17.95
Hamburg
6.14
5.37
4.69
14.34
14.50
Antwerp
5.44
4.78
4.22
13.81
13.27
Dubai
5.15
4.19
3.50
22.91
19.71
Port Klang
4.8
4.50
3.76
6.67
19.68
Long Beach
4.66
4.52
4.46
3.10
1.35
Quingdao
4.24
3.41
2.64
24.34
29.17
New York
4.04
3.75
3.32
7.73
12.95
Tanjung Pelepas
3.5
2.67
2.05
31.09
30.24
Tokyo
3.28
2.71
2.77
21.03
-2.17
Bremenhaven
3.19
3.03
2.92
5.28
3.77
Laem Chabang
3.18
2.66
2.34
19.55
13.68
Gioia Tauro
3.06
3.28
2.49
-6.71
31.73
Total top 20
144.87
127.94
110.83
13.23
15.44
Sources:
Container Intelligence Monthly, Clarkson Research (London), March 2004.
- Via Raffaele Paolucci 17r/19r - 16129 Genova - ITALIA
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Registrazione Stampa 33/96 Tribunale di Genova
Direttore responsabile Bruno Bellio Vietata la riproduzione, anche parziale, senza l'esplicito consenso dell'editore
, contro una crescita dell'1,0% nel 2002. La progressione - rileva il "Review of Maritime Transport, 2004" diffuso oggi dall'UNCTAD - è stata determinata principalmente dalle positive performance economiche di Stati Uniti, Giappone, Cina e - in misura minore - Europa.
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