Diminuisce la quota statunitense del traffico marittimo containerizzato mondiale

Uno su nove container trasportati via mare sono diretti o provenienti dagli Stati Uniti, nazione che si classifica al secondo posto per volume di traffico marittimo containerizzato. Lo rileva il nuovo rapporto "America's Container Ports: Delivering the Goods" dell'ufficio statistico (BTS) del dipartimento americano dei Trasporti.

Nel 2006 il traffico containerizzato nei porti statunitensi è ammontato a 46,3 milioni di teu, con una crescita del 22,6% rispetto al 1996, e due terzi dei container sono risultati esse in importazione negli Stati Uniti (il deficit del traffico containerizzato internazionale degli USA è aumentato da meno di un milione di teu nel 1998 a nove milioni di teu nel 2005). Nel decennio il traffico containerizzato mondiale è più che triplicato, salendo da 137 milioni a 417 milioni di teu, e pertanto - osserva il rapporto - la quota relativa agli Stati Uniti è calata dal 16% all'11%. Dal 1998 gli USA, in questa classifica, sono stati superati dalla Cina.

Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS)
"America's Container Ports: Delivering the Goods"
March 2007

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1
U.S. International Maritime Container Traffic: 1995-2005
(Millions of TEUs)

	Export	Import	Balance (export minus imports)
1995	6.4	6.8	-0.34
1996	6.5	6.9	-0.41
1997	7.1	7.8	-0.71
1998	6.6	8.9	-2.28
1999	6.6	10.0	-3.36
2000	6.9	11.1	-4.24
2001	6.8	11.3	-4.42
2002	6.8	12.9	-6.10
2003	7.4	13.9	-6.51
2004	8.0	15.8	-7.76
2005	8.6	17.3	-8.71

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, based on data from U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration which are drawn from the Journal of Commerce, Port Import/Export Reporting Service (PIERS) data system.

Figure 2
U.S. International Maritime Containerized Activity: 1995-2005

	Thousands of TEUs
1995	13,328
1996	14,794
1997	15,556
1998	15,556
1999	16,564
2000	17,938
2001	18,081
2002	19,729
2003	21,289
2004	23,851
2005	25,868

NOTE: TEUS = twenty-foot equivalent units. One twenty-foot container equals one TEU while one forty-foot container equals two TEUs. Total includes ports for all container ports in all 50 states and Puerto Rico.The data in this figure include only loaded containers in U.S. international maritime activity. It includes U.S. imports, exports, plus transshipments.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, based on data from U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration which are drawn from the Journal of Commerce, Port Import/Export Reporting Service (PIERS) data system.

Figure 3
Growth of U.S. Maritime Containerized Exports and Imports by Coastal Port Region: 1980-2005
Base data: thousands of TEUs

	West/Pacific Coast	East/Atlantic Coast	Gulf Coast
1980	3,512	4,348	580
1981	2,596	4,486	565
1982	3,436	4,299	693
1983	3,046	4,651	670
1984	5,385	5,555	831
1985	5,399	5,513	812
1986	5,998	5,806	928
1987	6,569	5,776	911
1988	6,994	6,251	895
1989	7,824	6,432	814
1990	8,185	6,564	822
1991	8,377	7,002	938
1992	8,961	7,212	1,142
1993	9,254	8,254	1,191
1994	10,459	8,807	1,222
1995	11,422	9,729	1,186
1996	11,203	10,046	1,362
1997	12,087	10,946	1,492
1998	13,209	11,487	1,470
1999	14,085	12,304	1,619
2000	15,666	13,042	1,688
2001	15,951	13,009	1,703
2002	17,363	13,621	1,718
2003	20,060	14,402	1,838
2004	21,180	15,406	2,069
2005	23,011	16,791	2,162

Index 1980=100

	West/Pacific Coast	East/Atlantic Coast	Gulf Coast		West/Pacific Coast	East/Atlantic Coast	Gulf Coast
1980	3,512	4,348	580	1980	100	100	100
1981	2,596	4,486	565	1981	74	103	97
1982	3,436	4,299	693	1982	98	99	119
1983	3,046	4,651	670	1983	87	107	116
1984	5,385	5,555	831	1984	153	128	143
1985	5,399	5,513	812	1985	154	127	140
1986	5,998	5,806	928	1986	171	134	160
1987	6,569	5,776	911	1987	187	133	157
1988	6,994	6,251	895	1988	199	144	154
1989	7,824	6,432	814	1989	223	148	140
1990	8,185	6,564	822	1990	233	151	142
1991	8,377	7,002	938	1991	239	161	162
1992	8,961	7,212	1,142	1992	255	166	197
1993	9,254	8,254	1,191	1993	263	190	205
1994	10,459	8,807	1,222	1994	298	203	211
1995	11,422	9,729	1,186	1995	325	224	205
1996	11,203	10,046	1,362	1996	319	231	235
1997	12,087	10,946	1,492	1997	344	252	257
1998	13,209	11,487	1,470	1998	376	264	253
1999	14,085	12,304	1,619	1999	401	283	279
2000	15,666	13,042	1,688	2000	446	300	291
2001	15,951	13,009	1,703	2001	454	299	294
2002	17,363	13,621	1,718	2002	494	313	296
2003	20,060	14,402	1,838	2003	571	331	317
2004	21,180	15,406	2,069	2004	603	354	357
2005	23,011	16,791	2,162	2005	655	386	373

NOTE: TEUS = twenty-foot equivalent units. One twenty-foot container equals one TEU while one forty-foot container equals two TEUs. Total includes ports for all container ports in all 50 states and Puerto Rico.The data in this figure include both loaded and unloaded containers in U.S. international maritime activity. It includes U.S. imports, exports, plus transshipments.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, based on data from the American Association of Port Authorities.

Figure 4A
Imports-Top 10 U.S. Partners for U.S. Waterborne Containerized Trade, 2005

	Percent share of total TEUs, 2000	Percent share of total TEUs, 2005
China (excluding Hong Kong)	25.1	42.7
Japan	7.0	4.8
Hong Kong	8.7	4.8
Taiwan	5.5	3.4
South Korea	3.9	3.2
Germany	3.9	3.0
Brazil	2.3	2.8
Italy	4.0	2.7
Thailand	3.1	2.5
India	1.5	1.9
Others	34.8	28.2

Figure 4B
Exports-Top 10 U.S. Partners for U.S. Waterborne Containerized Trade, 2005

	Percent share of total TEUs, 2000	Percent share of total TEUs, 2005
China (excluding Hong Kong)	9.2	19.3
Japan	14.2	9.7
South Korea	6.3	5.3
Taiwan	4.4	4.6
Hong Kong	5.2	3.8
Belgium	3.5	3.0
United Kingdom	3.5	2.8
Germany	2.7	2.5
Netherlands	2.5	2.3
India	1.1	2.0
Others	47.5	44.7

Figure 5
Maritime Container Entries into the United States
Millions of container units of all sizes

	Annual total
2000	6.0
2001	5.6
2002	8.0
2003	9.3
2004	10.4
2005	11.4

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, based on data from U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection, Mission Support Services, Operations Management Database CD, various years.

Figure 6
Container Entries into the United States: 2000 and 2001
Millions of container units

	Vessel containers full	Vessel containers empty	Truck containers full	Truck containers empty	Rail containers full	Rail containers empty
2000	5.4	0.6	7.7	2.7	1.5	0.7
2005	10.9	0.5	8.9	2.6	1.8	0.9

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, based on data from U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection, Mission Support Services, Operations Management Database CD, various years.

TABLES

Table 1
U.S. v. World Maritime Container Traffic and Gross Domestic Product: 1995'2006

	Container traffic (total TEUs loaded and empty)				Gross Domestic Product (current U.S. dollars)
	World (millions)	United States (millions)	U.S. share of World total (percent)	U.S. rank	World (billions)	United States (billions)	U.S. share of World GDP (percent)	U.S. rank
1995	137.2	22.3	16.3	1	29,391	7,398	25.2	1
1996	150.8	22.6	15.0	1	30,080	7,817	26.0	1
1997	160.7	24.5	15.3	1	29,928	8,304	27.7	1
1998	169.6	26.2	15.4	2	29,682	8,747	29.5	1
1999	184.6	28.0	15.2	2	30,786	9,268	30.1	1
2000	225.3	30.4	13.5	2	31,650	9,817	31.0	1
2001	236.7	30.7	13.0	2	31,456	10,128	32.2	1
2002	266.3	32.7	12.3	2	32,714	10,470	32.0	1
2003	305.0	36.3	11.9	2	36,751	10,961	29.8	1
2004	343.0	38.7	11.3	2	41,258	11,712	28.4	1
2005	378.0	42.0	11.1	2	44,455	12,456	28.0	1
2006^a	417.0	46.3	11.1	2	NA	NA	NA	NA
Percent change, 1995-2006	203.9	107.2
Average annual rate (percents), 1995-2007	10.6	6.8

KEY: NA = Not available; TEUs = 20-foot equivalent units.
^a 2006 estimates are projections from the individual sources.
SOURCE:
TEUs: World estimates - 1995-1999 Containerisation International Yearbook, (London, England: Informa Group, Inc., Various years, 1997'2001). 2000 - 2002 from United Nations Trade Commission, Review of Maritime Transportation, various years. 2003 - 2006 from Clarkson Research services, Container Intelligence Monthly, Vol 8 no 10, October 2006.
U.S. estimates - AAPA 2006. GDP: From International Monetary Fund, January 2007.

Table 2
Top 10 U.S. Maritime Container Ports: 1995-2005
(Thousands of TEUs)

Port	1995	2000	2005	Daily average number of TEUs (1995)	Daily average number of TEUs (2000)	Daily average number of TEUs (2005)	Percent change, 1995- 2005	Average annual growth rate, 1995-2005 (percent)
Los Angeles, CA	1,849	3,228	4,864	5,066	8,843	13,326	163.1	10.2
Long Beach, CA	2,137	3,204	4,378	5,855	8,777	11,996	104.9	7.4
New York, NY	1,537	2,200	3,387	4,211	6,028	9,280	120.4	8.2
Charleston, SC	758	1,246	1,509	2,077	3,414	4,133	99.0	7.1
Savannah, GA	445	720	1,469	1,219	1,973	4,025	230.2	12.7
Oakland, CA	919	989	1,374	2,518	2,709	3,764	49.5	4.1
Seattle, WA	993	960	1,339	2,721	2,630	3,670	34.9	3.0
Norfolk, VA	647	850	1,319	1,773	2,330	3,613	103.8	7.4
Houston, TX	489	733	1,222	1,340	2,009	3,347	149.8	9.6
Tacoma, WA	604	647	1,155	1,654	1,773	3,164	91.3	6.7
Total top 10 ports	10,378	14,777	22,016	28,432	40,486	60,318	112.1	7.8
Total all ports¹	13,328	17,938	25,868	36,515	49,144	70,872	94.1	6.9
Top 10, percent of total	77.9	82.4	85.1

NOTE: TEUS = twenty-foot equivalent units. One twenty-foot container equals one TEU while one forty-foot container equals two TEUs.
¹ Total includes ports for all container ports in all 50 states and Puerto Rico.
The data in this table include only loaded containers in U.S. international maritime activity. It includes U.S. imports, exports, plus transshipments, therefore the trade levels will be greater than those reported from U.S. international trade statistics, which excludes transshipments. The data also excludes military shipments.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, based on data from U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration which are drawn from the Journal of Commerce, Port Import/Export Reporting Service (PIERS) data system, as of November 2006.

Table 3
Top 25 U.S. Port of Calls and Capacity by Vessel Type: 2005

2005 Ranked by container capacity	Port/State	All vessel types		Container ship		Container ships as percent of port's total vessels		Average vessel size per call (DWT)
2005 Ranked by container capacity	Port/State	Calls (total vessels)	Capacity (dwt, thousands)	Calls (total vessels)	Capacity (dwt, thousands)	Calls	Capacity	Total - all vessel types	Container ships
1	Los Angeles/Long Beach, CA	5,178	289,015	2,812	150,299	54.3	52.0	55,816	53,449
2	New York and New Jersey	4,902	221,033	2,370	108,547	48.3	49.1	45,090	45,800
3	San Francisco, CA	3,871	202,746	1,930	101,208	49.9	49.9	52,376	52,439
4	Virginia Ports, VA	2,547	119,456	1,731	77,241	68.0	64.7	46,901	44,622
5	Savannah, GA	2,333	101,036	1,386	67,581	59.4	66.9	43,307	48,760
6	Charleston, SC	2,046	87,739	1,464	67,307	71.6	76.7	42,883	45,975
7	Seattle, WA	1,186	64,054	808	44,315	68.1	69.2	54,008	54,845
8	Miami, FL	1,299	45,829	907	39,985	69.8	87.2	35,280	44,085
9	Houston, TX	5,891	250,824	874	30,285	14.8	12.1	42,577	34,651
10	Tacoma, WA	1,270	56,751	618	28,224	48.7	49.7	44,686	45,670
11	Baltimore, MD	1,825	61,557	376	14,858	20.6	24.1	33,730	39,516
12	Port Everglades, FL	1,182	41,893	460	14,653	38.9	35.0	35,443	31,855
13	Philadelphia, PA	2,998	177,614	390	12,391	13.0	7.0	59,244	31,772
14	New Orleans, LA	3,749	177,678	310	11,208	8.3	6.3	47,394	36,156
15	Honolulu, HI	586	16,199	362	10,331	61.8	63.8	27,643	28,539
16	San Juan, PR	1,086	23,494	485	10,071	44.7	42.9	21,634	20,766
17	Jacksonville, FL	1,237	37,179	244	6,971	19.7	18.8	30,056	28,571
18	Boston, MA	332	14,912	149	6,548	44.9	43.9	44,916	43,948
19	Dutch Habor, AK	157	6,582	152	6,485	96.8	98.5	41,924	42,663
20	Columbia River, OR	2,189	84,709	85	4,306	3.9	5.1	38,698	50,659
21	Wilmington, DE	600	21,889	96	4,271	16.0	19.5	36,481	44,494
22	Anchorage, AK	244	6,111	121	2,615	49.6	42.8	25,044	21,613
23	Kodiak, AK	97	2,067	97	2,067	100.0	100.0	21,309	21,309
24	Freeport, TX	760	43,824	87	1,270	11.4	2.9	57,663	14,598
25	San Diego, CA	319	6,838	52	849	16.3	12.4	21,437	16,323
	Total top 5 ports	18,831	933,286	10,229	504,876	54.3	54.1	49,561	49,357
	Total top 10 ports	30,523	1,438,483	14,900	714,993	48.8	49.7	47,128	47,986
	Total top 25 ports	47,884	2,161,029	18,366	823,888	38.4	38.1	45,131	44,859
	Total all U.S. ports¹	61,047	3,057,391	18,542	826,795	30.4	27.0	50,083	44,590
	Top 5, percent of U.S. total	30.8	30.5	55.2	61.1
	Top 10, percent of U.S. total	50.0	47.0	80.4	86.5
	Top 25, percent of U.S. total	78.4	70.7	99.1	99.6

KEY: dwt = deadweight tons.
NOTE: Data include oceangoing vessels 1,000 gross tons and above. Capacity = DWT multiplied by calls.
San Francisco includes Oakland, San Francisco, and other ports. Virginia Ports includes all Hampton Roads area ports (Norfolk, Newport News, etc.). Los Angeles and Long Beach are counted as one port in this table.
¹Total includes ports for all container ports in all 50 states and Puerto Rico. The data in this table include only loaded containers in U.S. international maritime activity. It includes U.S. imports, exports, plus transshipments, therefore the trade levels will be greater than those reported from U.S. international trade statistics, which excludes transshipments. The data also excludes military shipments.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, based on data from U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration which are drawn from the Lloyd's Maritime Intelligence Unit, Vessel Movement Data File, as of November 2006.

Table 4
Top 20 World Container Ports: 2000 and 2004
(Thousands of loaded and unloaded TEUs)

Rank in 2000	Rank in 2004	2004	Country	TEUs
1	1	Hong Kong	China	21,984
2	2	Singapore	Singapore	21,329
6	3	Shanghai	China	14,557
23	4	Shenzhen	China	13,615
3	5	Busan	South Korea	11,430
4	6	Kaohsiung	Taiwan	9,714
5	7	Rotterdam	Netherlands	8,281
7	8	Los Angeles	United States	7,321
9	9	Hamburg	Germany	7,003
13	10	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	6,429
10	11	Antwerp	Belgium	6,064
8	12	Long Beach	United States	5,780
12	13	Port Kalang	Malaysia	5,244
24	14	Quingdao	China	5,140
14	15	New York/New Jersey	United States	4,478
108	16	Tanjung Pelepas	Malaysia	4,020
**	17	Ningbo	China	4,006
31	18	Tianjin	China	3,814
11	19	Tanjug Priok	Indonesia	3,597
25	20	Laem Chabang	Thailand	3,529

** Ningbo was unranked among the world's major ports in 2000. In that year, it handled only 902,000 TEUs.
NOTES: TEUs = 20-foot equivalent units. One 20-foot container equals one TEU.
SOURCE: 2004-American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA), World Port Rankings:2004 (Container Traffic), as of September 2006. 2000-Data obtained through personal communication with AAPA, October 2006.